基于MSRCR-YOLOv4-tiny的田间玉米杂草检测模型

为实现田间环境下对玉米苗和杂草的高精度实时检测,本文提出一种融合带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜(Multi-scale retinex with color restoration, MSRCR)增强算法的改进YOLOv4-tiny模型。首先,针对田间环境的图像特点采用MSRCR算法进行图像特征增强预处理,提高图像的对比度和细节质量;然后使用Mosaic在线数据增强方式,丰富目标检测背景,提高训练效率和小目标的检测精度;最后对YOLOv4-tiny模型使用K-means++聚类算法进行先验框聚类分析和通道剪枝处理。改进和简化后的模型总参数量降低了45.3%,模型占用内存减少了45.8%,平均精度均值(Mean average precision, mAP)提高了2.5个百分点,在Jetson Nano嵌入式平台上平均检测帧耗时减少了22.4%。本文提出的Prune-YOLOv4-tiny模型与Faster RCNN、YOLOv3-tiny、YOLOv4 3种常用的目标检测模型进行比较,结果表明：Prune-YOLOv4-tiny的mAP为96.6%,分别比Faster RCNN和YOLOv3...     

青贮玉米盘江7号高产栽培技术

通过对青贮玉米盘江7号的产量表现、品种特征及栽培技术要点介绍,以指导盘江7号大田生产.     

PLC在节能型日光温室温度监控系统中的应用

利用收集验证完善得到的PPI协议实现了上位机对PLC的监控,将西门子S7—200PLC与各个控制节点相连,上位机通过控制PLC来实现自动和手动控制各个节点,以实现节能型日光温室温度监控系统的自动化。     

利用单根肌纤维法分离和培养猪骨骼肌卫星细胞及其成肌诱导分化

建立单根肌纤维法体外培养猪骨骼肌卫星细胞的体系,了解其增殖和成肌特性。通过Ⅰ型胶原酶消化,从猪骨骼肌中分离完整的单根肌纤维并培养,用细胞免疫荧光鉴定肌纤维上的卫星细胞,随后对从单根肌纤维上游离出来的卫星细胞进行细胞免疫荧光染色,传代培养,成肌诱导分化和Western blot分析骨骼肌卫星细胞成肌特异性蛋白的表达。结果显示:分离并培养的单根肌纤维上附着有卵圆形的细胞,并随时间的推移,细胞缓慢向外迁移并增殖,卫星细胞特异性标志基因对盒转录因子(Paired protein box,Pax7)和成肌分化抗原(Myogenic Differentiation Antigen,MyoD)免疫荧光染色呈阳性,且阳性率达到90%以上。成肌诱导分化后,细胞开始汇合,并呈方向性生长,最终形成多核肌管,且成肌特异性标志基因Myogenin和myosin heavy chain(MyHC)表达呈阳性。MyoD蛋白高表达于增殖期,而Myogenin和MyHC在进入分化期才表达。该实验成功建立了猪骨骼肌单根肌纤维的体外培养方法并获得了高纯度的卫星细胞,为骨骼肌卫星细胞进行活体移植治疗相关疾病研究提供了实验材料。     

"新梨7号"雄性不育特性及其败育的细胞学研究

利用石蜡切片法,观察比较了“新梨7号”及其父母本花药发育和花粉发育过程中细胞学上的变化特征。研究结果表明：“新梨7号”梨花器小,花药干瘪,几乎无花粉粒,表现出雄性不育的空囊花药;导致花粉败育的主要原因可能是：绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞时期出现畸形、提旱解体,致使绝大多数小孢子母细胞不能正常发育,即使有的小孢子母细胞可以进行减数分裂,但形成的小孢子四分体也不能正常发育成为成熟的花粉粒,导致最终败育。目前大量研究已表明,雄性不育是由基因或染色体调控的。因此,本试验的形态解剖结果是不育基因表达的产物。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率麦穗图像检测方法

小麦是重要的粮食作物之一,针对人工田间麦穗计数及产量预测效率低的问题,基于深度学习提出了一种高分辨率的小密集麦穗实时检测方法。对麦穗图像数据集进行图像分割、标注、增强预处理,基于Tensorflow搭建YOLOv4网络模型,调整改进后对其进行迁移学习;与YOLOv3、YOLOv4-tiny、Faster R-CNN训练模型进行对比,对改进模型的实用性与局限性进行分析;重点分析影响麦穗检测模型性能的关键因素。通过图像分割的方式,证明了通过改变图像分辨率确定麦穗所占图像最优像素比,可以提高前景与背景差异,对小密集麦穗有显著效果。通过对改进模型的测试,表明该模型检测精度高,鲁棒性强。不同分辨率、不同品种、不同时期的麦穗图像均类平均精度（mAP）为93.7%,单张图片的检测速度为52帧·s^-1,满足了麦穗的高精度实时检测。该研究结果为田间麦穗计数以及产量预测提供技术支持。     

同源重组探针在暂时转化的烟草原生质体内的重组和缺失

通过电激法(electroporation)将同源重组探针pBC 7导入烟草原生质体,再从转化的烟草原生质体中提取DNA,并将其转化到E.coli DH 1细胞.结果在E.codi DH 1细胞中获得了一种新的质粒分子,该质粒含有功能的neo基因,与重组探针pBC 7相比有较大的缺失、倒位,并出现了新的限制酶切部位,重组探针pBC 7的主要特征为含有Tn5的neo基因两个截短的不等部份,只有通过重排才可能产生完整的neo基因,这表明了暂时转化的原生质体在外源DNA整合以前具有这样的基因重排功能。     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

施氮水平对7S亚基缺失大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮的影响

为有效推广功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品种,以7S亚基缺失大豆品系东富2号为研究对象,设置4种施氮水平(纯N),N0(0 mg·kg~(-1))、N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))、N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))、N3(75 mg·kg~(-1)),采用桶栽法研究大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮对不同施氮水平的响应。结果表明:N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根系干重加大,根冠比增大,根瘤固氮潜力高,单株产量较高。N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根长、根表面积、根体积在生育后期增长较快,根系干重较大,根冠比低,固氮酶活性最高,单株籽粒产量最高。N3(75 mg·kg~(-1))水平下植株干重较大,无效生长较多,根瘤数少,固氮潜力和根冠比低,单株产量不高。综合籽粒产量和根系特性指标,功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品系东富2号的适宜施肥量为25~50 mg·kg~(-1)。     

An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short‐term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems

Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs (Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs ($ ha^?1 calculated as change in operating profit divided by unit change of the trait) for additional DM produced in different seasons of the year in four regions. The EV of early spring DM was consistently high across all regions, whereas EV for late spring DM was moderate to low. Genotype × environment analysis revealed significant reranking of DM yield among ryegrass cultivars across regions. Hence, separate performance values (PVs) were calculated for two mega‐environments and then combined with the corresponding season and region EV to calculate the overall EV for twenty‐three perennial ryegrass and fifteen short‐term ryegrass cultivars. The difference in operating profit between the highest ranked and lowest ranked perennial ryegrass cultivar ranged from $556 ha^?1 to $863 ha^?1 year^?1 depending on region. For short‐term ryegrasses used for winter feed, the corresponding range was $394 to $478 ha^?1 year^?1. Using PV for DM yield, it was estimated that plant improvement in perennial ryegrass has added $12–$18 ha^?1 year^?1 (depending on region) operating profit on dairy farms since the mid‐1960s.