密山地区豆类作物田害虫及天敌种类调查

对密山地区经济作物豆类作物田(大豆、绿豆、红小豆、芸豆、鹰嘴豆、黑小豆)害虫和天敌种类的调查结果,初步发现为害豆类害虫有39种,分别属于9目,24科;天敌种类共有10种,分别属于4目,6科。     

一种南方小花蝽产卵基质的高效利用方法

南方小花蝽(Orius strigicollis)是一类应用前景广阔的捕食性天敌。以芸豆豆荚作为南方小花蝽的产卵基质,研究了南方小花蝽在该产卵基质上产卵部位选择的偏好性,并以此为基础探讨了一种该产卵基质的高效利用方法。结果表明,90%以上的南方小花蝽卵被产在豆荚的荚缝线处,而且50%以上的卵被产在豆尖的荚缝处。斜45°切取豆荚的豆尖部分,并对切口处进行上蜡包裹,放置5 d切口处密封性仍保持完好,荚果保持新鲜,并且不影响卵的孵化。研究明确了该产卵基质高效利用方法的可行性,能为后期南方小花蝽室内扩繁和产品创制提供科学依据。     

Evaluation of growth performance of broiler birds fed with diet containing different levels of velvet bean meal as an alternative protein ingredient

The effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by the velvet bean meal (VBM) as an alternative protein ingredient on the growth performance of broiler birds was investigated. The seed materials of velvet bean (VB) [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck], an under-utilized food legume collected from South India, was found to contain appreciable levels of proteins (265 g/kg DM); lipid (65.1 g/kg DM); Neutral Detergent Fiber (84.3 g/kg DM) and ash content (49.2 g/kg DM). Soaking in sodium-bi-carbonate solution + autoclaving treatment was found to cause substantial reduction on the levels of antinutritional compounds such as tannins (75%), L-Dopa (81%), phytic acid (70%), raffinose (92%), stachyose (89%), verbascose (71%), haemagglutinating activity (75%), trypsin inhibitor activity (78%) and α-amylase inhibitor activity (77%) without affecting the nutritional quality of VB seeds. Such processed VBM was incorporated as an alternative protein source by replacing the SBM protein at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% levels in the commercial type broiler diets. Replacement of SBM up to 40% level with VBM as an alternative protein ingredient in the poultry diet, which corresponds to the inclusion of VBM up to 15.7% in the starter feed and 11% in the finisher phase poultry feed, exhibited better growth performance of the broiler birds without any adverse effects.     

The Ecological Effects of Young Elm Trees Belt-Pumpkin Strip Intercropping System at the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China

Young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping was studied to solve the actual problem of resource losses in the large barren area resulted from reconverting cultivated land into forest in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China. The final objective was to realize effective utilization of the barren land with both ecological improvement and economic development. Field experiments were conducted together with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil moisture level was remarkably increased in young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intereropping because the pumpkin vines covered the gap between pumpkin planting-furrow and elm trees belt. The water use efficiency of the intercropping system was increased by 23.7-163.3% as compared with the single cropping. Elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-furrow. The annual grasses become the dominant vegetation. The nutritive value as fodder and yield of the annual grasses were also increased remarkably. The biomass of pumpkin, elm trees and grasses under intercropping increased by 24.4, 28.4 and 144.4%, respectively, as compared with those under single cropping. The land use efficiency was increased by 132%. It was also indicated that the soil erosion from the intercropping land was not increased due to pumpkin plantation. The differences in the soil erosion among intercropped area, elm trees belt and pumpkin strip with single cropping were not remarkable. Therefore, it was concluded that young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping is an effective way to utilize the barren land between the young elm trees belt and realize synergistic enhancement of ecological benefit and economic profit.     

螺旋粉虱为害对四季豆产量的影响及其防治指标研究

通过设置田间笼罩试验,确定了螺旋粉虱不同种群发生密度对四季豆产量的影响。研究结果表明,随着螺旋粉虱虫口密度的增加,四季豆平均荚果长度、平均最粗处周长、平均单果质量、每株豆荚数量和质量均显著下降,虫口密度与豆荚质量呈显著负相关。在研究产量损失的基础上,确定了不同产量水平下四季豆的经济允许损害水平和螺旋粉虱防治的经济阈值。当产量为1 500 kg/667 m~2时,四季豆的经济允许损害水平为9.80%,螺旋粉虱防治的经济阈值为11对成虫。     

6-苄基腺嘌呤对黄豆芽生长的影响及其残留量测定

【目的】探讨不同浓度6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）对黄豆芽生长的影响，并通过测定黄豆芽中6-BA残留水平对其安全性进行评价。【方法】分别采用喷洒法和浸泡法培育黄豆芽，豆芽收获后测定其鲜重、轴长、轴径、发芽率和产率，并参照DB S22/003-2012食品安全地方标准，对豆芽及豆芽机内营养液的6-BA残留进行测定。【结果】喷洒法中1.0 mg/L 6-BA处理组黄豆芽产率最高，为6.96，而浸泡法中5.0 mg/L 6-BA处理组黄豆芽产率最高，为7.15。各处理组成熟黄豆芽样品中均未检出6-BA，而喷洒法中3.0 mg/L组豆芽机内营养液的6-BA残留随处理时间延长呈下降趋势，第3 d开始未检出6-BA。【结论】适宜浓度的6-BA对豆芽生长有促进作用，且6-BA在豆芽培育过程中可逐渐降解以致消除，安全性较高。     

我国豆类产品进出口贸易结构分析

豆类是我国传统出口农产品,在我国农产品出口中占有一定地位;同时,我国现在又是世界最大的大豆的进口国。利用1996—2008年我国豆类产品进出口贸易数据,分析了我国豆类产品进出口贸易品种结构及其变化,分析了我国豆类产品的主要出口市场和进口来源市场,并在此基础上提出优化我国豆类贸易的建议。     

河套灌区小麦套种向日葵高产节水灌溉制度

针对河套灌区水资源日益紧缺及生产中浪费严重的状况,以当前主要种植模式小麦套种向日葵为对象,以节水和高产为目标,研究不同灌溉时期及灌溉量对小麦套种向日葵经济产量、经济效益及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,小麦套种向日葵模式下,随着灌水量增加,套种小麦和向日葵及套种作物全生育期总耗水量显著增加,水分利用效率(WUE)却明显下降。套种小麦和向日葵及套种总产量、经济效益均以全生育期浇3水以上处理较高,且处理间产量差异不显著。综合分析得出,河套灌区小麦套种向日葵节水与高产相统一的耗水量为5 000~6 000m3/hm2,全生育期灌3水是小麦套种向日葵实现高产的最佳节水灌溉模式,即小麦拔节期、抽穗期、向日葵开花期灌水3次,每次灌水定额900 m3/hm2,可实现套种小麦经济产量7 000kg/hm2、套种向日葵经济产量2 800kg/hm2以上,全生育期水分利用效率1.0kg/m3以上的目标。     

SFZCX125型腐竹结膜成型机输送装置打滑分析与改进研究

通过对带式输送机弹性滑动和打滑原理的研究分析,得出SFZCX125型腐竹结膜成型机输送装置打滑的具体原因,并提出解决输送带打滑的具体措施。     

丰产早熟四倍体长豇豆新品种一桶天下的选育

采用系谱法对秋水仙素化学诱变的米美小叶进行选育,获得四倍体长豇豆一桶天下。植株蔓生,生长势强,平均株高306.5 cm,节间长度20.2 cm。早熟,始花节位位于第3节,生育期93 d(天)左右,出苗至始收58 d(天)左右。连续结荚能力强,双荚四荚率高,商品荚绿白色,荚面光滑有光泽,缝线不显,喙红色,无鼠尾,不鼓籽,荚长89.3 cm左右,荚粗0.9cm左右,平均单荚质量27.4 g,单株结荚20根左右,每667 m~2产量2 200 kg左右。田间对病毒病、白粉病和锈病的抗性强于对照早豇4号,综合性状表现优良,适宜在江苏、浙江、安徽、河南等地栽培。