黄土高原刺槐根系垂直分布特征研究

在中国西北黄土高原地区，水分是树木生长发育的主要限制因子。根系分布特征由于反映了树木对环境条件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生态意义。本研究选择阳坡和阴坡不同立地上年龄一致的刺槐林调查了根系分布特征。根系垂直分布特征的调查结果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量随着深度的增加而降低，其中细根的分布深度大于粗根的分布深度。方差分析结果表明：不同立地上不同径级根系的分布特征也有明显的差别，粗根是差异存在的主要原因，阴坡立地上的根系生物量，特别是细根生物量大于阳坡立地上的。对根系消弱系数的分析结果表明，阴坡立地上的根系消弱系数大于0．982，而阳坡立地上的根系消弱系数小于0．982，说明阴坡市地上刺槐根系的生物量在深层土壤中的分布相对量更大一些。其中细根的根系消弱系数大于粗根的，这种根系分布特征有利于根系对深层土壤水分养分的吸收利用，进而促进树木地上部分的生长发育。图3表3参15。     

Spatial variability of throughfall in a Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation in northern China

The interception of rainfall by vegetation and the subsequent evaporation of intercepted water from the canopy surface play an important role in hydrological processes, and the water and energy balance of forest ecosystems. Spatial variability of interception has different effects on water yield from watersheds located in different climatic and biome regions. In order to explain the spatial patterns of interception, we adopted grid-sampling method to install rain-gauges to measure throughfall. Results show that the coefficient of variation (Cv) of throughfall tends to decline as rain intensity increases. After the canopy is saturated, Cv of throughfall remained at a constant value, which is close to the Cv of the canopy leaf area index (LAI) value 0.18. Thus, the Cv of LAI is regarded as the extremum of that of throughfall. Because of the special characteristic of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), and the lower droopy branches, negative values for interception account for only 13% of the total samples. Furthermore, the max is above 70% of gross rainfall. __________ Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(3): 26–30 [译自: 中国水土保持科学]     

旧桥承载能力评价探讨

旧桥承载加固是当今桥梁建设的一个重要内容之一。公路桥采用“旧桥的验算系数Z” ;铁路桥承载评定标准为“检定承载系数K” ;国外对桥梁承载能力采用“承载能力鉴定系数R·F”来评价。     

Five heavy metals in propagules of ten mangrove species of China

Five heavy metals in the propagules of 10 mangrove species in China have been investigated. The results revealed that the levels of five heavy metals in most of the propagules were lower than the background levels of the soil. The levels of copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead in the propagules varied at about 2.1–7.8 g/g, 3.9–28.0 g/g, 5.7–60.0 g/g, 0.014–0.057 g/g, and 0.018–0.038 g/g, respectively. On average, the levels of five heavy metals were in the order Zn > Mn > Cu > Cd > Pb. The biological absorption coefficients were 0.02–1.30 for copper, manganese, zinc, and cadmium and about 0.0007–0.0020 for lead in propagules, showing the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Mn > Pb. The above results indicate that the five heavy metals have low accumulation in most of the propagules of 10 mangrove species and are at safe levels for the effective utilization of mangrove resources.     

辊压处理大青杨木材的密度和干缩系数变异

对大青杨辊压处理材(压缩率10%～50% )的密度和干缩系数进行测试和研究.结果表明,与素材相比,辊压处理材的全干、气干和基本密度均有所增加,密度变化率＜5%,其中气干密度增幅最大,密度变异与压缩方向无明显相关;气干和全干干缩系数随压缩率增大而变大,变动范围-3.448%～23.678%;弦向干缩系数变化大于径向.     

Double-Face Dynamic Balance Method of Spot Rotator without Removing the Test Weights

Site dynamic balance is a important element in installation and maintenance of heavy rotary mechanism. It's hard to discharge testing weights, and the remanent weights will effect the result of balance test. The paper presents a kind of dynamic balance algorithm which need not to discharge the test weights, basing on influence coefficient. The principle of the algorithm is to balance the sum of original unbalance weights and testing weights by the result balance weights. In the algorithm , the influence coefficient of last time can be used optionally for the same rotor. Then developing a dynamic balance system building on it. The site experimental results indicates that this algorithm has a high balance precision, predigests the steps and reduces the operation time.     

Discussion of the Negative Thermal Expansion Coefficient of the Laminar Crystal

The variation of the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite crystal is derived. According to the theory of temperature with the thermodynamic and statistical physical, the free energy of the graphite crystals is given with the De-Bye Model, and relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite crystal and the temperature range is probed. The results are showed: the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to zero if T =0 K or T is on the verge of the 15 K or 42 K; negative if the temperature is in the range of 15 to 42 K; constant if the temperature is higher. The theoretical calculations accord with the experimental results. From this, In the layered crystals the reason that there is the negative expansion is that the statistical weight of the transverse acoustic vibration for the atoms in the plane layer is very large. In some temperature ranges, the variation of distance between atoms in the direction perpendicular to the plane layer with the temperature resulted in by the transverse acoustic vibration reverses with that in the plane layer. Then the film effect is resulted in.     

THE STRAIN OF THE BARS IN THE STRUCTURAL COLUMNS OF THE PRESTRESSED EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT BRICK-WALLS

Through the comparative tests of prestressed and non-prestressed brick-walls un-der the repeated lateral loading,the effect of the prestress-force to the strain distribution in the non-prestressed bars of the structural columns has been investigated.This effect is beneficial:the pre-stress-force will reduce the value of strain in the bars of the lower part in the columns and uniformize the strain distribution along the whole height of the columns.Furthermore,instead of a strainreduction,the strain of prestressed be will increase along with the increasing of the lateral load.Thus,the coefficient of prestress-force-increase could be calculated in the tWo stages of the crack-resistance and ultimate bearing capacity.As a result,both the prestressed and non-prestressed barsare able to give the potential of their bearing capacity a full play,and improve the earthquake-resis-tant property.     

Noise-reduction of Digital Video Image Based on Time-recursive Filtering

With the analysis of the principle of time-recursive filter, the authors find that the nature of time-recursive filter is Weighted Mean Low-Pass filter and the relationship between filter coefficients and SNR and the artifact arising from the area where motion can not be tracked. One approach based on Automatic Control Method is proposed to solve the artifacts problem during the process of filtering and the authors designed the corresponding hardware based on FPGA and software respectively. The experimental results show that the time-recursive filtering is good at digital video image denoising and reduces the random noise of digital camera system.