吉林蛟河近熟林树种多样性格局组建机制研究

植物种在群落多样性格局组建过程中所起的作用一直是生态学重点关注的问题。2010 年在吉林蛟河建立面 积为21.12 hm2 的近熟林监测样地,样地中记录到DBH 1 cm 木本植物32 405 株, 共计50 种木本植物。利用单物 种-面积关系模型分析了样地内30 种木本植物对局域群落多样性格局的影响,利用完全空间随机化模拟计算植物 对局域多样性促进或抑制的显著性程度。研究结果表明:1)由于ISAR 模型没有考虑竞争的非对称性,在相同取样 面积下,同一树种的mISAR 值普遍低于ISAR 值。不同树种的mISAR 曲线更加分散、区分度更为明显,且具有明显 的尺度依赖性。2)在0 ~50 m 空间尺度上,簇毛槭、黑樱桃、翅卫矛、稠李、大果榆、花楷槭、毛榛和青楷槭为多样性 促进种;水榆为中性种;红松、色木槭、胡桃楸在绝大多数空间尺度上表现为抑制种;其余树种绝大多数在小尺度上 表现为促进种。3)在中小尺度上,促进种决定了局域群落多样性格局组建; 在较大尺度上,促进种和中性种共同作 用于群落多样性格局的组建,并且随机过程的影响相对更强。因此,促进种和抑制种所代表的确定性过程与中性 种所代表的随机过程共同作用于森林群落多样性格局构建过程, 并且二者起作用的空间尺度不同。      

成都市典型农家乐植物组成特征研究

本文在成都市北湖公园、农科村、三圣乡选取了60个成都市典型农家乐,对植物群落进行了调查和分析。结果表明:成都市典型农家乐植物群落中应用的乔木种类有56种,灌木种类83种,草本种类有118种,共计257种,分属91科184属。在植物种类组成方面,成都北湖公园的乔木种类所占比例最高,达到22.39%;郫县农科村的灌木种类所占的比例是最高的,达到36.55%;而三圣乡"五朵金花"的草本种类所占的比例最高,达到47.92%。农科村主要树木的平均胸径为13.32±9.07?,平均高度为5.53±2.49 m,在3个地方中均为最高。群落外貌方面,三圣乡"五朵金花"和郫县农科村农家乐以常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶的混交林为主,针叶林少。成都北湖公园则以常绿阔叶为主,落叶和针叶林少。60个农家乐平均配置乔木5.1±2.47(N=60)种,平均配置灌木8.77±3.41(N=60)种,平均拥有草本11.83±6.75(N=60)种,超过50%的植物种类为三地或两地共有,植物配置呈现明显的相似性。     

牛二酰甘油转酰基酶(DGAT1)基因的生物信息学分析

DGAT1基因作为影响奶牛产奶和肉牛肉质性状的主效基因之一,引起了人们越来越多的关注。本文应用生物信息学方法比较了人、牛、猪、绵羊等24个物种的DGAT1基因编码区(CDS)核苷酸和蛋白质序列,并对该基因的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,DGAT1基因的CDS核苷酸和蛋白质序列长度多样性丰富;具有终止密码子偏爱性,包括牛在内的所有脊椎动物终止密码子都为TGA;在长度为1 187bp的33条基因序列中检测到992个多态位点,共生成26种单倍型。从聚类分析图可以看出,脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和微生物的DGAT1基因之间存在着进化分歧,但界内差异较小。     

An Overview of Research on Microbial Herbicide

The development of microbial herbicide for weed control has been serious- ly regarded all over the world and has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review on domestic and abroad research progress of microbial herbicide and mainly introduces the microbial herbicide products and mi- crobial sources with commercialization potential, and then proposes an outlook for their development tendency and application prospect.     

云南省古林箐自然保护区物种多样性及保护

古林箐自然保护区位于北回归线以南,哀牢山南端以东的滇东南高原向东南半岛延伸的结合部,南亚热带与热带的过渡地带。在这特殊的自然地理条件下,成为我国三大生物多样性中心之一的滇东南—桂西北的核心部位,区内有发育完整,保存完好的森林生态系统和丰富的生物资源。但在管理中存在许多方面问题,据此提出保护措施。     

火烧后亚高山草甸恢复过程中物种组成和群落特征变化规律的研究

为了解火烧对植物群落结构和植被恢复速度的影响,本研究以甘肃省皇城羊场亚高山草甸为研究对象,于2017年5月进行了火烧试验,并分别在2017,2018及2019年的5月（返青期）、7月（生长期）和9月（生长末期）测量了该区域火烧样地和原生样地的植被覆盖度、群落多样性和裸地百分比等指标。结果表明：2019年5月后火烧样地与原生样地间植物群落多样性指数（Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数）间差异不显著;火烧后引起的植物结构变化是短暂的,并随着时间的推移逐渐减少甚至消失,恢复时间大约16个月左右;同时火烧改变了物种组成,其中在火烧样地中甘肃马先蒿（Pedicularis kansuensis）和锐果鸢尾（Iris goniocarpa）逐渐消失,而鳞叶龙胆（Gentiana squarrosa）和火绒草（Leontopodium leontopodioides）逐渐出现。本研究说明春季火烧对亚高山草甸植物组成和结构有一定的调节作用,可作为亚高山草甸管理的有效措施。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens using mitochondrial D-loop sequence reveals their characteristics as a genetic resource

Myanmar indigenous chickens play important roles in food, entertainment, and farm business for the people of Myanmar. In this study, complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences (1232 bp) were analyzed using 176 chickens, including three indigenous breeds, two fighting cock populations, and three indigenous populations to elucidate genetic diversity and accomplish a phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.948 ± 0.009 and 0.00814 ± 0.00024, respectively, exhibiting high genetic diversity of Myanmar indigenous chickens. Sixty-four haplotypes were classified as seven haplogroups, with the majority being haplogroup F. The breeds and populations except Inbinwa had multiple maternal haplogroups, suggesting that they experienced no recent purifying selection and bottleneck events. All breeds and populations examined shared haplogroup F. When 232 sequences belonging to haplogroup F (79 from Myanmar and 153 deposited sequences from other Asian countries/region) were analyzed together, the highest genetic diversity was observed in Myanmar indigenous chickens. Furthermore, Myanmar indigenous chickens and red junglefowls were observed in the center of the star-like median-joining network of 37 F-haplotypes, suggesting that Myanmar is one of the origins of haplogroup F. These findings revealed the unique genetic characteristic of Myanmar indigenous chickens as important genetic resources.     

马鹿的起源进化与遗传多样性研究进展

马鹿是非常重要的物种资源,由于栖息地的流失和人为干扰进行近亲繁殖等导致野生马鹿数量急剧减少,而家养马鹿多经过改良,因此马鹿的纯种数量锐减。对马鹿进行分子遗传学研究不仅可以加深人们对马鹿起源和物种形成的认识,还能帮助开展遗传多样性保护研究。随着高通量测序技术、分子生物学和生物信息学的迅速发展,马鹿的起源进化研究已发展到全基因组水平,并取得了一定的成果。马鹿的起源进化研究从最初对体态外貌和染色体核型的研究逐渐发展到对DNA序列与生理指标的研究。文章回顾了近年来国内外对马鹿起源进化和遗传多样性方面的研究,从起源时间、起源地和迁徙路线等方面揭示了马鹿的演化历史,介绍了父系、母系和常染色体研究方面分析了马鹿遗传多样性选取的不同分子标记,为进一步揭示马鹿种群的遗传变异、分化情况、迁徙路线和系统发育关系等提供基础信息,同时为马鹿遗传资源的利用和保护以及马鹿产业的良性发展提供重要的借鉴与参考。     

巴音布鲁克新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落物种多样性及其环境解释

为研究新疆巴音布鲁克地区不同土壤层次环境因子对新疆假龙胆适生地植物群落物种多样性的影响,为新疆假龙胆物种多样性保护提供理论依据。采用野外样地调查的方法,在新疆假龙胆适生海拔范围内共设置了16个样地进行植物多样性统计分析,共调查到植物72种,隶属22科48属,以豆科和禾本科植物为主。根据样地内各物种重要值的大小将所有采样点的植物群落划分为5类。通过单因素方差分析和RDA分析,对植物群落多样性指数与土壤环境因子间的关系进行了分析,结果表明:物种多样性指数与土壤环境因子之间具有显著的相关关系,其中土壤全磷、全氮、总盐是影响物种多样性的主导因素。对植物群落多样性指数与土壤不同层次理化指标的进一步分析表明:影响植物群落物种多样性极显著的环境因子是0~20cm土层的全磷,其次分别是0~10cm土层的全钾和30~50cm土层的总盐和pH值。     

A pioneering survey of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea

A pioneering boat-based survey was conducted in 2019, to gather baseline information regarding the presence, composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of deep-diving and off-shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea (SCS). A total of 27 sightings comprising at least 8 cetacean species were recorded during the 13-day survey, including 5 deep-diving species (i.e. Risso's dolphin [Grampus griseus], short-finned pilot whale [Globicephala macrorhynchus], sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], Cuvier's beaked whale [Ziphius cavirostris], and an unidentified beaked whale [either the ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens, or Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula]), as well as 3 off-shore dolphins (i.e. pantropical spotted dolphin [Stenella attenuate], striped dolphin [Stenella coeruleoalba], and Fraser's dolphin [Lagenodelphis hosei]). With the exception of pantropical spotted dolphins, all other species were sighted and recorded at sea in the northern SCS for the first time. The pantropical spotted dolphin was the most frequently sighted species, comprising 30% of the total sightings. Deep-diving cetaceans were mainly sighted in the northern Xisha Archipelago, whereas off-shore dolphins were distributed across the survey area. The pantropical spotted dolphin was observed in aggregations of more than 100 individuals and nearly all encountered species included calves; these findings suggested that the survey area functions as an important feeding and calving ground for various cetacean species. This pioneering survey provides fundamental information regarding cetacean fauna in the northern SCS and highlights the need to strengthen research and conservation efforts concerning these species.