不同砧木品种嫁接西瓜的效果比较

通过对不同品种砧木进行嫁接西瓜比较试验,结果表明,本地十月蒲和日本圆蒲嫁接的西瓜适应性强、抗病增产效果好、西瓜品质佳,适宜大面积示范与推广。     

西瓜全雌基因gy的发现

1996年在西瓜制种田中发现全雌性突变株, 经4年杂交和系统选择, 于2000年培育出西瓜全雌系‘全雌1号’。经世代遗传分离的χ2试验证实全雌性由1对隐性基因控制, 将该基因命名为gy。     

西瓜花叶病毒2号新疆昌吉分离物外壳蛋白基因核苷酸序列分析

 利用RT-PCR从新疆昌吉地区表现花叶、疱斑、扭曲等症状的南瓜病株上检测到西瓜花叶病毒2号新疆昌吉分离物(简称WMV-2-XJ-CJ),并测定了该分离物外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列。序列分析表明,新疆昌吉分离物CP基因全长850个核苷酸,编码197个氨基酸。与国内外报道的12个WMV-2CP基因相比,其核苷酸序列同源性为92.6%~98.3%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为94.7%~99.3%。新疆昌吉分离物在CP N'端可变区明显不同于国内外报道的核苷酸序列。WMV-2新疆昌吉分离物与日本和郑州分离物较其它国家和地区的分离物多出6个核苷酸,但其核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列差异较大。新疆昌吉分离物外壳蛋白有2个氨基酸残基明显不同于其它分离物,其中蚜传株系的特征结构域DAG突变为DAE。     

Vegetative compatibility of cotton-defoliating <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> in Israel and its pathogenicity to various crop plants

Verticillium dahliae isolates recovered from a new focus of severe Verticillium wilt of cotton in the northeast of Israel were tested for vegetative compatibility using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants and identified as VCG1, which is a new record in Israel. Other cotton isolates of V. dahliae from the northern and southern parts of the country were assigned to VCG2B and VCG4B, respectively. VCG1 isolates induced severe leaf symptoms, stunting and defoliation of cotton cv. Acala SJ-2, and thus were characterized as the cotton-defoliating (D) pathotype, whereas isolates of VCG2B and VCG4B were confirmed as the earlier described defoliating-like (DL) and non-defoliating (ND) pathotypes, respectively. This is the first record of the D-pathotype in Israel. The host range of representative isolates of each VCG-associated pathotype was investigated using a number of cultivated plants. Overall, the D isolates were more virulent than DL isolates on all tested host plants, but the order of hosts (from highly susceptible to resistant) was the same: okra (Hibiscus esculentus local cultivar), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Acala SJ2), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. Crimson Sweet), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. PI 251264), sunflower (Helianthus annuum cv. 2053), eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Black Beauty), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rehovot 13). The pattern of virulence of ND isolates differed from that of D and DL isolates, so that the former were highly virulent on eggplant but mildly virulent on cotton. Tomato was resistant to all cotton V. dahliae isolates tested. RAPD and specific PCR assays confirmed that the D isolates from Israel were similar to those originating from other countries.     

不同倍性西瓜果实不同糖含量比较

试验采用8组高代自交二倍体品种西瓜,相应人工诱导的同源四倍体及二倍体和四倍体杂交的同源三倍体为材料,分析不同倍性西瓜总糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的差异。结果表明,不同倍性西瓜果实成熟时期总糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量存在差异,总糖和果糖含量有同样趋势,为四倍体〉三倍体〉二倍体;葡萄糖含量为四倍体〉二倍体〉三倍体;蔗糖含量为三倍体〉四倍体〉二倍体。     

6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病的防效试验

采用6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病进行田间药效试验。3次药后试验结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油效果最好,防效在73%以上;10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和25%溴菌腈可湿性粉剂防效次之,防效在67%以上;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效较差,防效为50%左右。药剂处理后,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和对照,中心可溶性固形物含量分别为11.8%、12.0%、9.8%;两种药剂比对照分别增产30.96%、28.26%,增产效果显著。因此,推荐50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油为目前防治西瓜炭疽病的理想药剂。     

不同粒径砂砾石覆盖对砂田西瓜土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

为分析不同粒径砂砾石覆盖对砂田西瓜土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,2010年在位于黄土丘陵半干旱区的甘肃省庄浪县万泉镇境内进行了不同粒径砂砾石覆盖土壤特性研究.研究结果表明,与露地对照相比,砂砾石覆盖明显改善土壤中的根际微生物区系,显著提高各类微生物数量,增强酶活性;各粒径砂砾石覆盖下的土壤微生物数均为细菌＞放线菌＞真菌...     

西瓜种质资源的研究进展

对国内外的西瓜种质资源的收集、鉴定利用和种质资源创新等方面进行阐述.总结国内外西瓜种质资源研究上取得的成就,并对我国西瓜种质资源存在的问题提出建议.     

西瓜中类胡萝卜素的高效液相色谱法分析

通过高效液相色谱法对西瓜中的类胡萝卜素进行分析,采用Vydac201TP54C18色谱柱,比较2种不同流动相的检测结果,表明乙腈:甲醇:二氯甲烷=75:20:5(V:V:V)的分离效果较好;初步定性分析确定西瓜中含有7种以上类胡萝卜素。     

葫芦科作物耐弱光研究进展

综述了近年来国内外葫芦科作物耐弱光研究进展,包括形态指标、生理生化指标、光合代谢等方面,并指出了目前存在的主要问题和研究方向。