植物群落的内禀冗余

植物落处于各种扰动之中，扰动导致群落的总体功能降低，为适应各种形式的扰动，群落的功能补偿作用就发生了，并由此产生了生长冗余，组分冗余及内颤冗余，内禀冗余是植物群落中组分冗余的一种特殊形式，是对波动的环境及人为或动物扰动适应的结果，是落功能最大化的产物，内禀冗余的作用是使群落多样性，物种多样性得以保持，使群落对各种扰动的抵抗能力增强，在一定条件下，内禀冗余阻碍了群落中当前有益物种产量最大限度地实现，但从生态学观点看，它对植物群落中目标物种的持续较高水平的输出具有重要作用，因此，保留以内禀冗余形式存在的非目标植物种对群落的稳定是有益的。     

PEG诱导水分胁迫对柑桔幼苗细胞质膜透性及脯氨酸含量的影响

柑桔叶片相对含水量(RWC)随聚乙二醇(PEG)处理渗透势的降低而依次降低;叶片细胞质膜透性随PEG处理浓度的增加而依次增大;幼苗叶片累积脯氨酸的数量随水分胁迫时间和强度递增。     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

Mangroves as indicators of coastal change

In view of the unique biological characteristics of mangroves, it is interesting to assess the extent to which these ecosystems can be used as indicators of coastal change or sea-level rise. From recent studies of mangrove mortality at several locations (including Guiana, Gambia, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, India and Bangladesh), it appears that these coastal ecosystems are so specialized that any minor variation in their hydrological or tidal regimes causes noticeable mortality. Each species of mangrove (but particularly those belonging to the genera Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Sonneratia, Heritiera and Nypa) occurs in ecological conditions that approach its limit of tolerance with regard to salinity of the water and soil, as well as the inundation regime. If the duration of daily immersion were to be modified by tectonic, sedimentological or hydrological events, the species either readjusts to the new conditions or succumbs to unsuitable conditions. Consequently, the use of remote sensing data for mangrove ecosystems offers excellent potential as a tool for monitoring coastal change.     

放牧系统的稳定性与载畜量的研究

本文研究了具有不同消费函数的放牧系统的稳定性,并确定出相应的系统的安全容纳量和最大容纳量。本文中有些结论改进并推广了Noy—Mcir于1976年得到的关于载畜量的有关结论。     

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

黄河中游水土保持措施保存率分析及措施状况评述──以黄河河龙区间南片为例

本文以土地详查、淤地坝普查成果为基本依据，结合典型调查，研究分析了河龙区间南片水土保持各项措施的保存率，认为在空间尺度上，分行政区给出的保存率较为真实的反映了社会环境、自然环境因素的相对作用程度及其主导关系，且有实际应用意义，据此文中进一步核实评述了该区水保措施的保存面积、措施结构及质量等。该区水保措施的状况在黄河中游干旱半干旱地区具有广泛的代表性，分析结果可作为水沙分析、水保规划、土地资源与环境评价等工作的重要参考依据。     

盐分对碱茅种子发芽影响的机制

耐碱茅种子在盐（NaCl与Na2SO4）及干旱（PEG－6000模拟）胁迫下发芽及其机制的比较研究表明，种子发芽率随溶液渗透势的降低而下降，在等渗条件下三种溶液中的发芽率次序为Na2SO4＞NaCl＞PEG。NaCl与Na2SO4主要通过影响种子吸水量及对膜的毒性影响发芽，根据相关及通径分析结果，其机制为：（1）溶液渗透势及Na+浓度决定的种子吸水对发芽的直接正效应（通径系数0．73）；（2）溶液Na+浓度引起的膜毒性对发芽的直接负效应（－0．51）；（3）种子从溶液中吸收Na使种子吸水增加对发芽的间接正效应（0．30）及使膜毒性增大对发芽的间接负效应（－0．24）。     

叶面喷施抗蒸剂对苹果树水分状态的影响

研究了叶面喷施抗蒸剂对盆栽苹果水分状态的影响。结果表明：抗旱剂一号（主要成分为黄腐酸）可明显降低树体蒸腾（最低时为对照的３９．２１％）、提高气孔阻力（最大时为对照的２４３．９６％）和叶片水势（一般比对照提高０．２－０．４ＭＰａ、最大０．７ＭＰａ），并对叶温未产生明显的影响（变化一般小于１℃），有效作用期长达１５ｄ以上。在果树旱期喷施，可明显改善树体水分状态。腐殖酸效果不明显。     

具粘弹性支承的柔轴弹性盘转子系统的动力学分析

讨论了柔轴弹性圆盘转子系统在粘弹性支承下的临界转速和动力稳定性问题，轴和支承具有不对称的阻尼系数和刚度系数，利用能量法和耗散系统的Lagrange方程推导了系统的运动微分主程，阐述了求解方法，大多数的不稳定区出现在不平衡共振附近，通常可以通过调整轴、支承的阻尼和刚度系数的恰当组合来减小不稳定区域。