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91.
Elizabeth Petersen 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):185-201
A bioeconomic model of reservoir aquaculture in northern Vietnam is used to investigate the impacts of fish price and yield variability on the level and riskiness of expected net revenue. Net revenue is volatile compared with similar enterprises in other countries, mainly due to high yield variability. This reflects the nascent nature of the industry in Vietnam and the potential for efficiency and productivity improvements. Increasing production intensiveness, as well as reservoir size, was found to increase profits and decrease revenue risk. Among the management parameters studied, expected net revenue was found to be most sensitive to the length of the production cycle and to the harvest rate, while revenue risk was most sensitive to cycle length. Reservoir size was found to affect net revenue less than anticipated. Although common carp monoculture was found to maximize expected profit, the current species mix minimizes risk, thereby suggesting high risk aversion by northern Vietnam's poor farmers. 相似文献
92.
Dung Thi LE Son Vu NGUYEN Mari OKAMOTO Nanako YAMASHITA-KAWANISHI Tung Duy DAO Vuong Nghia BUI Haruko OGAWA Kunitoshi IMAI Takeshi HAGA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1273
The detection of bovine foamy virus (BFV) in Vietnamese cattle was performed using conventional PCR targeting pol and gag genes. Out of 243 tested samples, ten (4.1%) and eight (3.3%) samples were positive for BFV gag and pol DNA, respectively. The prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) estimated by detection of proviral DNA using nested PCR targeting env gene was 26.7% (65/243). The results of nucleotide sequence alignment and the phylogenetic analysis suggested that Vietnamese BFV strains showed high homology to isolates belonging to either European or non-European clades. There was no significant correlation between BLV and BFV. This study provides information regarding BFV infection and confirms the existence of two BFV clades among Vietnamese cattle for the first time. 相似文献
93.
Animal manure has been traditionally used to fertilize fish ponds in Vietnam. While this practice effectively reuses agricultural
wastes, high concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms in animal manure raise public health concerns. Working in fish ponds
and handling of contaminated fish in unhygienic manner were identified as potential factors of occupational risk. Escherichia coli occurred in numbers <103 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL in irrigation water and <104 CFU/100 mL in fish pond water that uses animal manure. Escherichia coli on tilapia skin in numbers were <103 CFU/100 cm in excreta-based systems and <101 CFU/100 cm in feed-based systems, respectively. The study identified direct use of animal manure as major contributors of
the fecal contamination of pond water as well as skin of cultured fish. Estimated risks of enteric infection were 100–1000
times higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency acceptable risk. While these risk values are not likely to accurately
predict infection rates in Vietnam, they indicate a potential occupational risk in the long term. Therefore, a need for risk
mitigation measures was realized for health protection of future generation in agricultural communities. 相似文献
94.
Nguyen Thi Thu Cuc Nguyen Thanh Son Tran Minh Trung Nguyen văn Trang Lâm Minh Đang Marc Pilon 《Crop Protection》2010
Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. Cultivation of P. tuberosa is infected by an endemic Aphelenchoides besseyi nematode that damages a high proportion of plants and persists within the bulbs. Here we report on the comparison of hot water and pesticide treatments as control methods to protect P. tuberosa from A. besseyi damage, and conclude that a hot water treatment consisting of soaking bulbs in water for 30 min at 57 °C is the most efficacious method to produce healthy flowers in a cost effective manner. 相似文献
95.
96.
杉木良种选择研究对越南杉木人工林有重要意义。以9个越南杉木种源与1个中国杉木无性系为研究对象,于越南3个试验点开展种源试验,并做早期选择。结果表明:种植2a后,在同一试验区不同的种源生长差异明显,同一种源在不同试验区生长不一。越南北部是杉木最适合的生长地区,南部次之,中部最差,这可能与当地的气候等因素有关。在越南北部, CL9、 CL7、 CL6、 CL4、 CL2和CL1种源为优良种源;在中部, CL4和CL1种源是优良种源;在南部,优良种源为CL8、 CL9与CL2。本试验早期研究结果有助于为越南杉木人工林选择适应种植地区和优良种源区规划提供借鉴。 相似文献
97.
Land-use impacts on surface runoff and soil detachment within agricultural sloping lands in Northern Vietnam 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Podwojewski D. Orange P. Jouquet C. Valentin Van Thiet Nguyen J.L. Janeau Duc Toan Tran 《CATENA》2008,74(2):109-118
Two consecutive years of investigation on soil surface features, surface runoff and soil detachment within 1-m2 microplots on 40% slope highlighted the effects of land-use change, vegetation cover and biological activity on the water pathways in Northern Vietnam. Three replicate plots were set up on each of five land-uses: cassava (CAS), grass fodder of Bracharia ruziziensis (BRA), a 3-year old fallow (FAL), tree stands of Acacia mangium and Venicia montana (FOR), and a fallow with regrowth of Eucalyptus regularly cut (EUC). The second year, two of the microplots under FAL and EUC were treated with herbicide (FALh, EUCh), one of them was burnt (FALh+b, EUCh+b). The highest yearly surface runoff coefficient of 16%, and soil detachment rate of 700 g m− 2 yr− 1 in average with a maximum of 1305 g m− 2 yr− 1 have been recorded under CAS. On FALh and FALh+b, runoff ratios were 8.7 and 13.5%, respectively and detachment rates were 86 and 389 g m− 2. On FAL and BRA the yearly runoff ratio varied from 5.9 to 9.8% but the detachment rate was limited at 24 to 35 g m− 2. FOR and EUC annual runoff was ≤ 3.1% and annual soil detachment ≤ 71 g m− 2. These values were very low compared to the values reported on steep slopes in Laos within similar climate and vegetation cover.The runoff and detachment rates underlined the importance of rainfall intensities, soil physical properties, soil surface features, soil vegetation cover and biological activity. The annual surface runoff was highly correlated to the soil surface crusting. CAS and BRA plots were prone to crusting especially after weeding at the onset of the rainy season, when the soil surface was still uncovered. Soil bioturbation (earthworm casting activity) was the second factor that explains local variation of surface runoff and soil detachment. The continuous production of earthworms casts on soil surface, especially on FOR and EUC microplots, induced a marked surface roughness and reduced the surface runoff. The production of casts was very limited in FAL and completely absent in CAS microplots. So it is evident that our results confirm the deleterious effects of cassava on soil and water conservation. 相似文献
98.
99.
Örjan Kardell 《Agroforestry Systems》1993,21(3):251-262
Cassava is recognized in the region as the second most important crop after paddy rice. In Vinh Phu province of Vietnam, it is usually grown on highly erodible slopes of the small hills surrounding paddy fields. Cassava crop land is generally in annual use until the yield is less than 3–4 t fresh tubers/ha. This constant cropping system rapidly depletes the soil as fertilizers are infrequently used and crop residues are usually removed from the fields. Erosion is a major problem as the soil is exposed through hand cultivation and regular weeding during a cropping season which coincides with the wet season. Sustainable and productive cropping systems are needed.In order to take a first step towards sustainability, this paper presents several possible agroforestry systems in which cassava could be intercropped with a number of nitrogen fixing trees and shrubs. Several theoretical combinations have been examined assuming a critical lower production limit of 3–4 t fresh tubers/ha. Those with sustained high potential yields are recommended for future field experimentation. 相似文献
100.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of supplementing maize meal and soybean meal, separately or mixed, on egg production performance of two breeds of scavenging hens under on-farm conditions. Treatments were: (1) confined, with a mixed feed (75% maize meal and 25% soybean meal) ad libitum (CMF); (2) scavenging, with a supplement of 60 g/bird per day of maize meal (ScM); (3) scavenging, with a supplement of 25 g/bird per day of soybean meal (ScS); (4) scavenging, with 54 g/ bird per day of the mixed feed (ScMF). Mean hen-day production was 21.8%, 19.8%, 17.7% and 22.8% for the CMF, ScM, ScS and ScMF treatments, respectively (p <0.05), and was significantly (p <0.001) higher for the improved Tamhoang breed (24.4%) than for the local Ri hens (16.7%). Mean egg weight was significantly higher for the Tamhoang (53.2 g) compared to the Ri hens (45.0 g) (p<0.01). Feed consumption per kilogram of eggs was significantly higher for the CMF treatment compared to the other treatments and was lower for the ScS compared to the other scavenging treatments (p <0.05). Feed cost per kilogram of eggs was lowest for the ScM treatment and was 30 to 40% higher for the confined treatment compared to the scavenging treatments. Feed consumption and cost of feed per kilogram of eggs were significantly lower for the Tamhoang than for the Ri hens. 相似文献