Weed flora of water rice in the Red River Delta,Vietnam

The occurrence of weeds in water rice was surveyed in the Red River Delta, Vietnam during spring and summer rice-growing seasons in 1995 and 1996. Sixty different weeds from 19 plant families were recorded. The most important plant families as weeds of rice were Poaceae and Cyperaceae. The most important weed however was Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne (Lythraceae) followed by Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Cyperus difformis L. A brief comparison of this rice weed flora and those of Australia and California was made.     

Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam

This study evaluates smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam, comparing a semi-intensive system near a town with good market access, where a Vietnamese improved breed has replaced the indigenous pig breed, and an extensive system away from town, where the indigenous breed still prevails. Fieldwork was conducted in 64 households in four villages. Repeated farm visits yielded 234 structured interviews. Data were analysed by linear models and non-parametric tests. Production inputs and outputs were quantified, and feed use efficiency and economic efficiency were assessed. The gross margin was higher for semi-intensive production with the improved breed, while the benefit–cost ratio was higher under extensive conditions with the indigenous breed. The net benefit did not differ between systems. Twenty-four per cent of farmers yielded a negative net benefit. In one village under extensive conditions, live weight output from indigenous sows with crossbred offspring compared positively with the output from semi-intensive production with improved genotypes, but was associated with high inputs, making production inefficient. Results indicate that improved genotypes might not be an efficient production alternative for saving-oriented production with limited resource supply. Suitability of evaluation parameters, farmers’ production aims, and factors impacting the production success in different systems are discussed.     

中国与越南木质家具出口波动特征的对比 ——以2004—2018年两国的出口数据为例

依据2004—2018年中国、越南木质家具出口数据为基础,应用社会网络分析方法、描述性统计分析法与修正的恒定市场份额模型(CMS),分析国际木质家具出口贸易格局、中国与越南木质家具出口波动的特征与成因。结果表明:中国木质家具出口波动大于越南,中国与越南木质家具出口结构相似,中国木质家具出口市场比越南更为分散。对中国、越南木质家具出口波动的影响,由大到小依次为竞争力效应、需求规模效应、结构效应。中国政府应加强政策导向,wood,增强抵御风险能力;中国企业应注重优化产业链,提升木质家具的产品竞争力。     

“一带一路”视域下中越渔业合作潜力分析及发展策略研究

越南是“一带一路”沿线国家中唯一一个与中国海陆相连的国家。本文在实地调研的基础上,借助相关数据库,对越南渔业资源、产量规模、养殖和捕捞模式、水产品进出口贸易以及越南渔业管理架构、科研院所及渔业政策进行详尽阐释,分析越南渔业产业可持续发展的制约因素及中越渔业合作潜力,并结合当前形势下中越渔业产业发展及合作面临的挑战,提出加强数字政府引导助推水产业的恢复,加速水产业全行业的智能化和信息化,凭借电商平台整合产销对接,依靠互联网助力线上的洽谈与交流,秉承“搁置争议,面向未来,共同发展”的原则开展多领域多层次多渠道的合作,加强国际化复合型人才的培养的未来发展策略。     

Arsenic contents and physicochemical properties of agricultural soils from the Red River Delta,Vietnam

Abstract

To evaluate arsenic (As) levels in agricultural soils of the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam, surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (20–25 cm) soil samples were collected from 18 paddy and six upland fields on both sides of the river. As a reference, forest soils were also sampled at two sites of the upper river basin. The total As contents of approximately 80% of the surface paddy and upland soils exceeded the maximum allowable limit for Vietnamese agricultural soils (12 mg kg^?1). Arsenic contents higher than 35 mg kg^?1 were found in soils from the Hungyen and Hanam provinces, where high As levels in the groundwater have also been reported. Sequential fractionation of As in these soils indicated that the amounts of As in the phosphate-extractable and residual fractions were higher than those in the forest soils. Elevated total As contents were also detected in the surface soil of a paddy field near a fertilizer factory in Hanoi (site P10). The amount of HCl-extractable As in the surface soil at P10 corresponded to 84% of the total As, while the proportion never exceeded 40% at other locations. In the surface soil at P10, most of the As was part of the phosphate-extractable fraction. Significant correlations between the total As contents of the upland soils and their non-crystalline Fe oxide contents (r = 0.652, P ≤ 0.05) and between As levels of paddy soils and their crystalline Fe oxide contents (r = 0.544, P ≤ 0.01) were observed. Overall, the present study indicated that although serious As pollution was not found in the studied area, there were some point pollutions caused by industrial activities, in addition to some non-point pollutions resulting from high As concentrations in the groundwater. In addition, Fe oxides in the soils are important factors affecting the As contents of agricultural soils in the Red River Delta.     

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils around a chromite mine in Vietnam

Abstract

In Vietnam, the Co Dinh mine is the largest chromite mine in the country. Mining, ore dressing and disposal of the tailings provide obvious sources of heavy metal contamination in the mine area. The present study examined the influence of chromite mining activities on the adjacent lowland paddy field by investigating heavy metal and As levels in the mine tailings, sediments, paddy soils and water. At paddy fields located near the mine tailings, the total contents of Cr, Co and Ni were 5,750, 375 and 5,590?mg?kg^?1, and the contents of their water-extractable form were 12.7, 1.16 and 32.3?mg?kg^?1, respectively. These results revealed severe contamination of lowland paddy soils with Cr, Co and Ni as a result of mining activity, suggesting serious health hazards through agricultural products, including livestock in this area. The principal source of the pollution was sediment inflow owing to the collapse of the dike, which was poorly constructed by heaping up soil. Moreover, water flowing out from the mining area was also polluted with Cr and Ni (15.0–41.0 and 20.0–135?μg?L^?1, respectively). This might raise another problem of heavy metal pollution of watercourses in the area, indicating the need for further investigation and monitoring of fluctuations of water quality with seasonal changes.     

Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Vietnamese indigenous cattle populations by microsatellites

Cattle play a very important role in agriculture and food security in Vietnam. A high level of cattle diversity exists and serves different needs of Vietnamese cattle keepers but has not yet been molecularly characterized. This study evaluates the genetic diversity and structure of Vietnamese indigenous cattle populations, using microsatellite markers. A total of 410 individuals from six indigenous cattle populations and an exotic breed was characterized using 27 microsatellite markers A total of 362 alleles was detected and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 (INRA005 and ILSTS005) to 17 (ETH185). The level of gene diversity was high indicated by a mean expected heterozygosity (He) across populations and loci of 0.73. Level of inbreeding (mean F_IS=0.05) and genetic differentiation (mean F_ST=0.04) was moderate. The phylogenetic tree based on Reynolds genetic distance reflected geographic distances. Structure analysis indicated five homogeneous clusters. The Brahman, Lang Son, Ha Giang and U Dau Riu cattle were assigned to independent clusters while Nghe An, Thanh Hoa and Phu Yen cattle were grouped in a single cluster. We conclude that Vietnamese indigenous cattle have high levels of genetic diversity and distinct genetic structures. Based on these results, we recommend that for conservation homogenous populations (Nghe An, Thanh Hoa and Phu Yen) can be grouped to reduce costs and U Dau Riu, Lang Son and Ha Giang populations should be conserved separately to avoid loss of genetic diversity.     

MODELING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RESERVOIR AQUACULTURE IN VIETNAM 1

This study was motivated by the need to estimate the quantitative impacts of current regulatory constraints on the economic performance of reservoir aquaculture in Vietnam. Using survey data and a specially adapted bioeconomic model, we show that performance of reservoir aquaculture varies widely. The three performance criteria were fish yields, net production revenue and income generated for the local population. Results suggest that current policies regarding extension effort on fingerling survival rates and on feeding strategies, as well as regulations involving taxation of cooperatives and authorities collecting leasing fees, do constrain the economic potential of reservoir aquaculture. The forgone production revenues limit the potential for aquaculture to alleviate local poverty. This study is a first step in identifying those government regulations that have a critical role in the development of reservoir aquaculture in Vietnam.     

Impacts of climate change on snakehead fish value chains in the Lower Mekong Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam

ABSTRACT

The productive fisheries of the Lower Mekong Basin of Cambodia and Vietnam are essential to the food security and nutrition of 60 million people. Yet these fisheries, both culture and capture, are susceptible to the impacts of climate change. This article reports on a study undertaken to examine the vulnerability, as perceived by snakehead (Channa striata) fish farmers in Vietnam and fishers in Cambodia, to the impacts from climate change. Perceived impacts on various actors in the value chain are identified, as well as adaptation strategies currently being utilized and planned for the future. Recommendations are suggested to contribute to assisting snakehead farmers and fishers in adapting and preparing for the impacts of climate change.     

越南水稻生产与国际贸易情况分析

概述了越南水稻生产的自然条件和种植区域分布;从越南水稻总产、收获面积、单产及稻米国际贸易情况的变化可以看出,越南自1986年政策改革以来,水稻生产取得了令人瞩目的成就,但仍面临多方面的问题,今后应进一步引进和推广杂交水稻,并增强农田基础设施建设等措施,以提高水稻产量。