Small-Scale Shrimp Grower–Collector Relationships: The Case of Thua Thien Hue Province,Central Vietnam

Small-scale shrimp-culture is an important livelihood for rural residents in Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province, central Vietnam. However, they are facing the risk of exclusion from the food system due to globalization and trade liberalization. To keep these farmers in modern supply chains, their relationships with other chain actors, foremost the collectors, need to be improved. Thus, this study explores the characteristics and constructs of the relationships between the small-scale shrimp growers and their collectors. Data was based on a survey on 83 small-scale shrimp growers, together with 16 unstructured interviews with growers (10) and collectors (6). It was revealed that the relationships between small-scale shrimp growers and collectors in TTH province are short-term and price-driven and are influenced by the power of collectors. The relationship strength was measured by five intercorrelated constructs including reliability, willingness-to-maintain, desire-fulfilment, negotiation capacity, and discussion capacity. Although some constructs were positively correlated, the strength of the relationships was weak. Both business linkages and social connections affected the grower-collector relationships. Female traders had stronger relationships with collectors than males. Therefore, interventions should be focused on business and social linkages as well as females’ involvement in shrimp trade.     

越南南定省交水县交善乡对海平面上升的家庭和社区应对经验和对策

【目的】通过收集社会经济学数据,评估居民和社区对海平面上升的适应能力,评估海平面上升的负面影响及其对策,确定应对海平面上升备用对策。【方法】在越南南定省交水县交善乡选择99户居民,分成3组,采用半问卷调查、面谈、家庭群组讨论、重要人物访谈以及当地居民非正式会谈等方法进行调查。【结果】海平面上升已对当地社区造成了极大的负面影响,如作物产量降低、土地流失、盐碱地面积增加、基础设施损坏等。当地社区和居民已经意识到海平面上升的负面影响,并采取了各种应对方法。改变经济结构、选择适宜的作物品种、把水产养殖地转给家庭、鼓励渔民成立渔业合作社并建立早期预警系统是应对海平面上升的主要对策。【结论】应根据潮汐节律和台风、暴风雨发生等所确定的水面上升规律,采取不同的应对策略和方法,以减少海平面上升造成的破坏和损失。     

越南不同龙眼品种品质分析比较(英文)

[目的]筛选出适合越南当地生产的龙眼品种。[方法]分别对引种至越南农科院北部山区农林研究所内栽培的5个龙眼品种的果实植物学性状和品种果实性状进行了比较分析。[结果]筛选出了可作为鲜食的优良龙眼品种PMP6,PHS1-1以及可用于加工的优良品种HuongChi。[结论]本研究将对越南北部山区的龙眼生产、育种提供参考。     

Social vulnerability to climate‐induced natural disasters: Cross‐provincial evidence from Vietnam

This paper conducts an analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster vulnerability. The purpose is twofold: (i) to capture disaggregated vulnerability variations normally obscured by national statistics, thereby providing more nuanced insights into Vietnam's vulnerability to natural disasters; and (ii) to take advantage of the fact that the overall political system and key institutional structures to a large extent are constant across Vietnam's provinces, which makes the analysis a novel addition to the many disaster studies based on cross‐national variations. The paper's analysis indicates that much of Vietnam's cross‐provincial variations in natural disaster fatalities and economic costs can be explained by differences in key socioeconomic factors. High provincial rates of inequality, poverty and infant mortality, for instance, appear to drive up natural disaster fatalities. Local adaptation efforts should focus as much on these broader socioeconomic dimensions as they focus on the geophysical susceptibility to natural hazards of individual areas.     

我国国家公园多方化管理探析——以越南丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式为例

以越南丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式为视角,从以下几方面探析了国家公园多方化管理:1）丰芽-格邦国家公园共存管理模式的分析。共存管理模式符合越南当前国情,促进了管理效力的提升,实现了国家公园在生态保育、游憩与经济发展3个方面的目标,但也存在建设目标偏移——"重开发、轻保护",管理主体合作水平低,私营管理主体力量薄弱等缺陷。2）对共存管理管模式的借鉴。文中认为应明确政府管理地位,发挥管理引导作用;引入市场主体,激发管理能动性;培育和引导第三部门积极参与管理,并在此基础上探索出适合我国国情的国家公园多方化管理新路径。     

越南小腹茧蜂小志

小腹茧蜂是鳞翅目害虫的重要寄生蜂,报道越南水稻、棉花等作物害虫育出的6种小腹茧蜂及其寄主和分布.     

Sustainable green tea production through agroecological management and land conversion practices for restoring soil health,crop productivity and economic efficiency: Evidence from Northern Vietnam

Tea is a very important cash crop in Vietnam as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. Unfortunately, the dominance of long-term, conventional tea cultivation has caused severe soil health degradation and environmental pollution. At the same time, as tea production may provide a better net income compared with other annual crops such as rice and vegetables, farmers have been converting parts of their allocated land to cultivate tea plants. Little is known about the benefit of agroecological management as an alternative to conventional tea management practices, and thus, there is a need to understand how it can improve tea yields, quality and the livelihoods of the farmers. Conducted in Northern Vietnam from 2019 to 2022, this study examined the impacts of agroecological tea management practices on soil health indicators, tea yield and quality, and net income of tea farmers. We showed that agroecological management practices significantly enhanced soil organic matter by 0.8% and soil pH by 0.5 units on average. Conversely, conventional management based on chemical fertilizer applications, significantly increased soil total nitrogen by 0.15%–0.2%. No significant differences were observed between soil texture and other soil chemical characteristics. Soil biological parameters were also significantly higher in agroecological tea soil and root samples than in conventional tea plots. Average AMF frequency and intensity of the agroecological tea roots were 98% and 37%, respectively, compared with 73% and 15% of the conventional tea roots. Likewise, soil macrofauna and mesofauna abundance in the agroecological tea plantations was 76 individuals/m² and 101 individuals/100 g fresh soil on average, respectively, while that of conventional tea farms were 34 and 63 individuals/100 g fresh soil, respectively. Interestingly, a comparison between the converted and nonconverted lands did not show any significant effect of the conversion on soil physicochemical and biological characteristics, apart from tea root AMF colonization. Conventional tea management consistently resulted in higher tea yield and yield components, even though the differences were not always statistically significant. Despite lower tea yields, agroecological tea adopters earned around USD 8400 ha/year more than the farmers still practicing conventional management. This study shows that it is economically and environmentally more sustainable to produce organic tea than conventional tea, and our results should encourage more farmers to adopt such agroecological practices in Northern Vietnam.     

Traditional versus improved agroforestry systems in Vietnam: a comparison

Combined with the diverse biophysical and social heterogeneity encountered in the northern mountains, the socioeconomic changes in Vietnam that accompanied the decollectivisation process led to complex agrarian dynamics that today challenge traditional farming and management of natural resources. Data for this study were collected from villages in and around Ba Be National Park (BNP) in the Bac Kan Province located in the northern mountains of Vietnam. Traditional slash and burn cultivation is no longer a sustainable practice in Vietnam. The main challenges in the region are to protect biodiversity, maintain the land productivity and simultaneously support local livelihoods. The study shows that improved agroforestry cultivation could provide significantly higher productivity and income per unit of land, besides decreasing pressure on natural forests. The challenge to protect biodiversity is not met, as improved agroforestry implies less tree species. From an institutional and socio‐economic perspective, it is not easy for local communities to readily adapt to improved agroforestry. New systems must be tailored site‐specific to the diverse local conditions of resource‐poor farmers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中越边境壮族地区早期修筑水利工程的重要物证——对更贵水渠及其摩崖题刻的历史解读

本文依据调查及文献资料,认为广西龙州县上龙乡更贵山水渠是目前所知的中越边境壮族地区早期修筑的水利工程之一,立于其旁记载着该工程修筑经过的摩崖碑刻具有珍贵的史料价值。该水利工程对中越边境地区壮族民众的农业生产起到了积极的作用,体现了修筑者坚强的意志,有助于人们认识明朝时期壮族的农业生产技术水平。在自然经济条件下,官绅阶层和政府在聚合力量、稳定社会、促进经济发展中扮演着重要的角色。当前,政府在保护农业文明遗产方面同样肩负着重要使命。     

越南竹资源及竹产业发展态势

作为"一带一路"南线重要国家，越南拥有丰富的竹资源，竹产业发展前景广阔、潜力巨大。本文基于文献梳理、实地考察调研和专家互访对话，对越南竹资源和竹产业发展现状进行了较为系统而全面的阐述，为进一步促进中越"一带一路"竹产业交流互鉴与合作发展奠定基础。