Effects of Powder Ridge Cultivation on Growth and Yield of Hunan Cassava

[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cas- sava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9 （Southern China 9） as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows： control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered （CK）, treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation （CK）, the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed bet- ter. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38% （20 760 kg/hm2） than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hu- nan province.     

西安市不同绿化参数与Pm^2.5浓度的关联性研究

以探讨西安市城区绿化覆盖率、绿化密度、绿化植被类型三者与空气中Pm^2.5浓度之间的关系为目的,选取了西安市区内7个监测点为代表点,测量范围为监测点方圆400m,约50万m^2.从2013年8 ～11月,历时4个月,每天获取监测点提供的PMt2.5浓度值.结果表明,提高总体绿化密度,采用适合的绿化植被种类,能够在一定程度上降低空气中的Pm^2.5浓度,提高空气质量.     

宁夏月牙湖移民区生态环境变化监测

利用宁夏月牙湖生态移民区2010年与2012年2期卫星影像数据,通过人工目视解译,并且与实地土地利用调查资料相结合,对该生态移民区生态环境变化进行监测。结果表明,2010—2012年,由于生态移民过程中对移民区的土地利用结构进行了规划调整,移民区天然草地、沙地面积明显减少,而耕地、林地面积明显增加,生态移民对改善当地土地利用方式起到了积极的作用。根据生态环境状况变化幅度分级标准,研究区2010—2012年生态环境状况明显好转。     

旱地小麦地膜覆盖抗逆应变配套技术的调查研究

本文通过 2年对新绛县北乡曲村旱地小麦地膜覆盖栽培技术的调查研究 ,提出 5项应变配套技术 ,对完善地膜覆盖技术体系 ,挖掘其增温保水保肥的增重潜力 ,具有综合的整体效应 ,两年比较试验比常规对照栽培平均增重 11 94 %。     

南平安曹下杉木林植被分析

通过 2 4 0 0m2 标准地调查 ,研究福建南平溪后安曹下 76年生杉木丰产林的山坡和山洼 2个地段的植物分布 ,结果表明 :老龄杉木林下蕨类植物的比例较天然林大 ,总共有 71科、119属、16 8种维管束植物 ,山坡地段的物种丰富度大大高于山洼地段 ,2个地段的科、属、种共有率分别为 6 3 38%、4 7 90 %、4 2 2 6 % ,说明老龄杉木林都是以热带成分为主 ,其中山洼地段的热带成分比例略高     

Prediction of grain protein in spring malting barley grown in northern Europe

The ability to predict grain protein concentration at harvest (CP) in Swedish malting barley (Hordeum distichum) from observations of soil conditions, sowing day, fertilisation rate, remote sensing at early stem elongation and the temperature sum during grain filling, was tested for two cultivars; Astoria (Secobra, France) and Wikingett (Svalöf-Weibulls, Sweden) in 16 fertilisation trials in southern Sweden, encompassing 3 years (2001–2003). Fertilisation was applied either as a single dose at sowing, or as both a starting application and an application at early stem elongation. The highest total application rate was 160 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. The soil was analysed for phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium in the layer 0–0.3 m, and mineral N down to 0.6 m. Canopy reflectance observations at BBCH 32 was used to calculate a vegetation index (TCARI(32)) to reflect the canopy (leaf and straw) chlorophyll concentration. Harvested grain CP correlated only marginally with the observed soil variables. It was, however, for a specific cultivar, possible to make a prediction of grain CP based on day of sowing and TCARI(32) with . Part of the sowing day effect might be due to thermal stress during grain filling, as the risk for high temperatures during this phase was higher when sowing was late. This might also explain why the introduction of accumulated temperature during grain filling, into a model already including sowing day and TCARI(32) as independent variables, did not improve the predictability of grain CP.     

开发建设项目中植被自然恢复的水土保持作用

通过分析最新的水土保持监测所获得的实地植被调查样方资料，论述了植被自然恢复在开发建设项目中的水土保持作用，并结合监测实践，探讨了植被自然恢对水土保持评价指标的影响。（1）在山西省雨量较为充沛的地区，如果重视保留表土并用之覆盖地表，就能使地面植被得到较大程度的自然恢复，其恢复面积占可绿化面积的比例约达25％。（2）在雨量较多地区的扰动地面，依靠植被自然恢复功能，可使植被盖度在1～2a内达到50％以上，形成初级植被。（3）由于对乔灌木等深根性植物的破坏较为严重，因此，在1～2a时间内，扰动地面上自然恢复所形成的植被一般为草本群落，并不能完全恢复当地的灌草植被、疏林灌草植被。     

四川省植被变化及其与气象因子的相关性分析

[目的]分析四川省植被的变化特征及其与气象因子的相关性,为该区域的可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]采用一元线性回归方法,利用MODIS NDVI数据按不同植被类型对GIMMS NDVI数据进行模拟拓展,并采用变异系数、趋势分析和偏相关等方法进行变化分析和相关性分析。[结果](1)近30a四川省植被NDVI以基本无变化和减小为主,减小的区域主要位于盆周山地、川东北的中海拔山地和川西北高原湿地,增长变化的区域较小,主要位于四川盆地中北部和川西高原西部;(2)植被受气温影响较大的区域主要分布在以灌丛和高山植被覆盖为主的甘孜西南部、西北部以及四川盆地的西南部,以针叶林和水稻种植为主的成都平原、四川盆地中部以及川东北的广元则对降水更敏感。[结论]过去32a间四川省年最大NDVI变化具有明显的阶段性特征,整体上呈现下降趋势;植被NDVI的变化与降水和气温具有显著的线性相关关系,且气温和降水对植被变化的影响具有明显的区域差异。     

Estimating floristic integrity in tallgrass prairie

Indices are needed in habitat conservation and restoration to provide repeatable measures relevant to conservation goals. A monitoring and research program was established at Nachusa Grasslands in north-central Illinois (USA) to assess progress in tallgrass prairie restoration and reconstruction efforts and evaluate the effectiveness of indices used to measure community-level properties related to vegetation integrity. Indices selected for comparison included standard diversity measures (e.g., Shannon-Weiner Index, Evenness, Species Richness) and indices developed specifically to estimate vegetation integrity. These latter indices included two unweighted diversity indices, the Species Richness Index and Native Richness Index, and two indices weighted by characteristics of species composition, the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and its component Mean Coefficient of Conservatism (Mean C). A coefficient of conservatism (CC) is an integer ranging from 0 to 10 assigned a priori to each taxon in a regional flora that estimates the fidelity of a species to natural areas (non-native and most ruderal species are assigned 0 or low values, respectively; species known primarily from natural areas are assigned higher values). All indices compared in this study were calculated using vegetation data collected from equal-sized sampling grids stratified across seven prairie units. The units included remnants and plantings representing a wide range of habitat quality. The FQI and Mean C explained the most variation among sites and were most effective at distinguishing recognized qualitative differences indicating they can be more informative than traditional species-diversity measures in assessing floristic integrity within community types. The FQI and Mean C are applicable to both quantitative ecological monitoring and plotless survey methods.