Participatory analysis of seasonal incidences of diseases of cattle, disease vectors and rainfall in southern Sudan

During an investigation into a chronic wasting disease in southern Sudanese cattle, a participatory appraisal method called a ‘seasonal calendar’ was used to understand local perceptions of seasonal variations in cattle diseases, disease vectors, intermediate hosts and rainfall. Repetition of a standardized seasonal calendar with Dinka informants demonstrated good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of rainfall data produced by seasonal calendars and objective measures of rainfall demonstrated good validity of the seasonal calendar method. Subjective assessment of seasonal calendar scoring patterns by veterinarians indicated that herders’ perceptions of seasonal populations of biting flies, ticks and snails were similar to modern veterinary knowledge. The uses of seasonal calendars in veterinary epidemiology are discussed.     

Diagnostic validity of cervical precancerous lesions by liquid-based cytology technique combined with high-risk HPV-DNA detection

AIM: To investigate liquid-based cytology technique (LCT) combined with high-risk human papilloma virus DNA (HPV-DNA) detection for diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions. METHODS: Screening of cervical cancer was performed by LCT combined with HPV-DNA detection in 6 521 women at the age of 19~65 in our hospital for physical examination from December 2007 to December 2010. Eighteen high-risk HPV isoform genes were detected by HPV typing gene chip detection system. The women with positive detection underwent colposcopic cervical biopsies. The women with negative detection also underwent colposcopic cervical biopsies if the operation was of their own accord. RESULTS: The LCT positive results (≥ASCUS) were observed in 152 cases and HPV positive results were obtained in 86 cases. The women with both 2 positive results were found in 42 cases. The women with both LCT and HPV negative results were determined in 6 325 cases. In 152 cases of LCT positive and 86 cases of HPV positive women, the positive results of pathological biopsy (≥CINI) were 112 and 68 cases, respectively. Thirty-four cases in the 42 cases of both LCT and HPV positive women were conformed by pathological biopsy. In 6 325 women with negative results of LCT and HPV detection, 2 000 were perform pathological biopsy according to their own accord and only 1 had positive result. The diagnostic sensitivity of LCT for cervical precancerous lesions was 76.19% with the specificity of 98.05%. The diagnostic sensitivity of HPV detection for precancerous lesions of uterine cervix was 46.26% with the specificity of 99.12%. Combination of the 2 methods to diagnose cervical precancerous lesions made the sensitivity increase to 99.32% with the specificity of 99.61%. CONCLUSION: Liquid-based cytology technique combined with high-risk HPV-DNA detection is better than each of the single technique for screening precancerous lesion of cervical carcinoma.     

重庆地区酸性紫色土锌有效性及其影响因素研究

以重庆地区紫色土为对象,研究了重庆地区酸性紫色土Zn有效性及主要影响因素。结果表明:供试紫色土全Zn含量为40.2～89.6mg/kg,有效Zn含量在0.2～4.2mg/kg之间;用直线、幂函数和指数函数回归方程对影响有效Zn的主要土壤因素进行回归拟合,土壤有效Zn与土壤全Zn、有机质、全N含量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数依次为0.5243**、0.5308**、0.5097**;而与全P含量相关性显著(r=0.4637*);与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.5698**);通径分析表明,土壤理化性质对有效Zn的直接作用系数大小次序为全Zn全NpH,土壤全Zn对Zn有效性的直接作用最为明显。     

新农村建筑的绿色采光设计

笔者就新农村建筑的绿色采光设计提出多项设计方法,倡导最大限度地利用自然光,避免不必要的人工照明,通过适宜可行的技术降低施工成本,为新农村建筑营造绿色低碳的光环境。     

前期含水量对坡面降雨产流和土壤化学物质流失影响研究

在防止土壤侵蚀条件下,利用室内人工降雨实验,研究了土壤初始含水率对坡面降雨入渗、产流、溶质迁移规律的影响。结果表明:初始含水率越高,产流越快,达到稳定入渗率的时间也越短。在初始含水率不同时次降雨过程中养分的流失量与初始含水量具有较强的相关性。磷浓度的变化范围主要在5cm以内,随着含水量的增加有效磷向土壤中迁移的总量增加。随着含水量的增加土壤钾离子向土壤中迁移的总量减小。在相同条件下,EDI值大小顺序是:磷<钾<溴。     

我国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题及对策

环境影响评价中的公众参与是环评工作中至关重要的一环。目前我国的公众参与主要采用的方式有书面征求意见、公示和听证会等。通过对公众参与中存在的问题进行探讨,指出目前我国公众参与存在重视程度较弱、信息公开制度不完善和有效性缺乏等问题。为更好地发挥环评的作用,完善我国公众参与制度,提出了可通过加强环境保护教育,提高全民对公众参与的重视力度,积极促进环境信息公开,加强公众参与的有效性等方法。     

高等农业院校大学英语分级考试的效标关联效度研究

采用定量研究的方法对高等农业院校大学英语分级考试的效标关联效度进行初步检验,结果表明,分级考试的难度高于高考英语,能够比高考英语更有效地把不同水平的考生区分开来。分级考试与高考英语的相关关系显著,从而说明分级考试的效标关联效度较高,能够为高等农业院校大学英语分级教学提供合理依据。     

基于序列链模型的中部区域创新绩效的评价与比较

运用在传统CCR模型上改进的序列链DEA方法,建立科技投入到经济产出的两阶段模型,对中部区域创新系统的绩效进行评价,并与京、沪、粤地区进行对比,进而分析了中部区域DEA无效的原因。结果表明我国中部地区的科技创新能力较强,但由科技创新向实际生产能力转化的效率偏低。因此,如何强化科技实力的经济转化仍是当前亟待解决的问题。