Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using chemo‐thermal oxidation method

We studied the black carbon (BC) content of ca. 405 samples from French topsoil and artificial soil and carbonate mixtures. Our protocol involved three main steps: (i) decarbonation by HCl, (ii) elimination of non‐pyrogenic organic carbon in a furnace at 375 °C, and (iii) quantification of residual carbon by CHN analysis. BC content increased for calcareous soils according to their carbonates content. Subsequent analyses confirmed the existence of a methodological artefact for BC determination only in calcareous soils. Decarbonation changes the thermal properties of organic matter, creating more recalcitrant carbon than in the initial sample. Higher CaCO₃ and organic carbon content results in a more pronounced artefact. The reversal of the first two steps of the chemo‐thermal oxidation method (i.e. thermal oxidation before soil decarbonation) eliminates this artefact. Overall, our results suggest that BC content may have been overestimated in a large number of studies on calcareous soils.     

青奥会背景下南京城市国际化的发展优势、困境与路径选择

青奥会作为一项国际性赛事对于南京提高城市影响力,进一步开发旅游资源,加快公共基础设施建设有着重要的推动作用。在筹备2014年青奥会的背景下,就南京市建设国际化都市的优势、存在问题进行了分析,并对提升城市国际化水平提出了对策建议。     

2005～2009年我国城市美化植物研究文献计量分析

以《中国期刊全文数据库》为数据源,运用文献计量学的原理和方法,对2005年—2009年国内城市美化植物研究专题文献进行统计分析,探讨这些文献的文献学特征（年代、期刊源和学科方向分布,研究机构特征,科学基金资助,以及合作度与合作率状况）用以明确城市美化植物科研领域的研究能力及今后的研究重点和方向。     

肥料结构对红壤性水稻土氮磷钾养分状况的影响

本文论述了三种肥料结构对红壤性水稻土氮磷钾养分状况的影响。土壤中的生物学有效性氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基酸、速效磷和活性有机磷的含量变化趋势是,以作物残体+灶灰+猪粪+化肥处理>作物残体+灶灰+化肥处理>绿肥+化肥处理。在各处理中,土壤中速效钾和缓效钾的含量变化不大,但采取秸杆、灶灰、菜籽饼和猪粪还田的措施,在节约化学钾肥提高作物产量中起了良好作用。     

Induction and Transfer of Enhanced Biodegradation of the Herbicide Napropamide in Soils

In laboratory incubations, the times to 50% loss (DT₅₀) of a first application of napropamide were approximately 25, 45 and 75 days in soil incubated at 25, 15 and 5°C respectively. When treated for a second time, the DT₅₀ values were 4, 7 and 15 days at the same temperatures, irrespective of the temperature of the first incubation. This indicates that enhanced degradation of napropamide in soil can be both induced and expressed at low temperature. A mixed microbial culture able to degrade the herbicide to a single degradation product, identified by HPLC retention time as naphthoxypropionic acid, was obtained from a soil capable of rapid degradation. Addition of a sub-sample of this mixed culture to a previously untreated soil introduced rapid degrading ability. When small amounts of soil capable of rapid degradation were added to previously untreated soil, in both the laboratory and the field, the degradation rate of napropamide increased compared with that in unamended soils.     

风景园林研究的跨界融合与量化革新——以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室为例

以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室这一新兴学术共同体作为研究切入点,使用文献综述与案例研究的方法深入探讨学术共同体在推动风景园林学科的发展和进步中扮演的关键角色。研究结果发现：该实验室在以往的风景园林学科内容、框架和知识体系基础上,运用新兴技术并结合定量的统计学方法,将城市环境与居民健康紧密相连,为快速城市化地区的环境和人类健康问题提供高效、精准、人文关怀且切实可行的解决方案,并极大地拓展了风景园林学科的研究领域;实验室的核心关注点在于城市感知：探究城市环境特征如何以及在何种程度上通过心理、生理等途径影响人类健康;在健康城市领域,这支先锋团队担任着理论研究、技术探索以及教育者的角色。     

齐齐哈尔市城市森林空气负离子浓度变化规律

于2015-2017年的5-10月份,采取定位观测研究方法,在齐齐哈尔市城市森林中选取6个固定观测区,包括16种林分类型,在每个林分类型中设置固定观测点,进行逐月连年观测空气负离子浓度、正离子浓度以及空气温度湿度等环境因子,获取有效观测数据18万个;对观测数据系统全面分析,探索城市森林负离子浓度日变化、月变化、季节变化规律及时空分布格局。结果表明:经3 a连续观测,齐齐哈尔市城市森林空气负离子浓度的日变化规律,一般是早晨(06:00-08:00)达到峰值,随后下降,至中午或下午最低,晚上18:00左右再次出现峰值;负离子浓度最高值可达2000个/cm^3左右、最低值在300个/cm^3左右。齐齐哈尔市城市森林中,空气负离子浓度一年中的变化规律,从5月份开始逐月上升,到9月份达到峰值,从10月份开始下降,负离子浓度5月份最低,9月份最高。齐齐哈尔市城市森林各季节空气负离子浓度水平有所不同,秋季空气负离子浓度水平最高,夏季略低于秋季,春季最低。     

Training Mode of Applied Talents in Urban and Rural Planning Major

Facing the development and change of contemporary urban and rural planning discipline and social talent demand,it is imperative to develop the talent training of urban and rural planning major.Based on the teaching platform,this study constructed a perfect talent training mode,implemented modular teaching,took the occupation as the guidance,carried out the application-oriented talent training,and delivered high-quality professionals to the society.     

试论提高广州园林建设水平的新思路

概述广州市近年园林绿化发展的主要成绩,分析了当前存在的主要问题。提出要树立城市大园林的全局观念,应通过建立健全标准规范,加强科研与信息、资金投入等多种途径,进一步提高广州园林建设的发展水平。