再生水灌溉对玉米产量、品质及重金属影响的试验研究

以龙口市和高密市污水处理厂的再生水为灌溉水源,进行玉米再生水灌溉试验,研究了不同灌水定额对玉米产量、品质、含重金属量的影响。研究表明,再生水灌溉条件下,玉米品质及产量有不同程度的提高,籽粒含重金属量与清水灌溉并无差异,重金属在植株体内的累积表现为:根>茎>籽粒,籽粒含重金属量符合《粮食卫生标准》(GB2715—2005)和《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762—2005)的要求。     

EM38探测复垦土壤厚度分布的可行性研究

该文采用EM38电磁感应电导率仪测量辽宁省阜新市海州露天矿场复垦区一块面积为5 000 m2的覆土层的表观电导率,试探性研究表观电导率（ECa）与矿区排土场覆土厚度（TSLT）的相关性。测定结果证实ECa与相同点位剖面挖掘所得的深度数据有很好的负相关性,而两层土壤的电导率差值与上层土壤深度之间存在一定的正相关性。结合地统计克里格插值,得到了该复垦区覆土深度分布的预测趋势图。研究结论指出,基于EM38测量的表观电导率预测矿区复垦区覆土层厚度具有良好的可行性,为废弃矿区复垦质量的客观评估,提供了一种实用、简捷的工程检测 手段。     

再生水根区交替灌溉对马铃薯中重金属累积和分布的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了再生水根区交替灌溉对马铃薯重金属累积及分布的影响.结果表明,不同的灌溉条件处理下,4种重金属在马铃薯内积累趋势表现为:Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd;Cd在马铃薯内的分布趋势为茎>叶、根>果实;Pb在马铃薯内的分布趋势为叶>根>茎、果实;Cu在马铃薯内的分布趋势为茎>叶>根>果实;Zn在马铃薯内的分布趋...     

微咸水和再生水对盆栽棉花土壤理化性质和根系的影响

为缓解华北水资源短缺问题,寻求代替水源,进行了微咸水和再生水灌溉条件下不同灌水量对盆栽棉花土壤理化性质和棉花根系影响的试验。试验设置灌水水质和灌水量2个试验因素,灌水水质设计为低、中、高矿化度微咸水和再生水,清水作为对照;灌水量设计为田间持水量的95%、85%、70%、55%。试验结果表明:微咸水和再生水处理增加土壤含盐量,微咸水处理的土壤含盐量随着矿化度的升高而增加;再生水处理提高土壤有机质和硝态氮的含量;微咸水和再生水促进棉花根系的生长,在盐分累积严重的情况下根系生长最快。     

国内外利用藻类技术处理废水、净化水体研究现状

论述了利用藻类处理废水和净化富营养化水体技术的国内外研究现状和发展趋势。利用藻类处理废水、净化富营养水体 ,既能保护环境 ,又能节约资源 ,具有良好的生态效益和社会经济效益。未来藻类处理废水、净化水质应和生物基因技术、藻菌体、驯化微生物技术、人工神经网络及生物控制技术相结合 ,充分利用食物链中能流和物质转化关系。     

黄土丘陵林区开垦地土壤侵蚀强度时间变化研究

以黄土丘陵林区１０ａ径流泥沙观察资料为基础,分析了林地开垦后不同侵蚀年限情况下土壤侵蚀强度的变化。结果发现,随侵蚀年限的增长,土壤侵蚀强度呈明显的增长趋势,平均每年约有１０ｍｍ的土层被侵蚀掉,到侵蚀的第１０ａ时,已有１００．８１ｍｍ的土层被侵蚀掉,相当于林地土壤的Ａ层大部分遭到流失。土壤侵蚀强度的增加,土壤质量的下降,土壤性状的恶化,更促使侵蚀程强度的加剧。     

The effect of urban refuse compost and different tractors tyres on soil physical properties, soil erosion and maize yield

Application of urban refuse compost to agricultural soil could help to solve municipalities' problems related to the increasing production of waste only if soil property improvement and environmental conservation can be demonstrated. The use of low-pressure tractor tyres is another proposal in modern agriculture for reducing soil compaction. This study thus aimed to detect the effects of both compost and low-pressure tractor tyres on soil loss, runoff, aggregate stability, bulk density, penetrometer resistance and maize (Zea mays L.) yield. A 3-year field experiment was carried out on a hilly (15% slope) clay loam soil in central Italy. Twelve plots (200 m² each) were monitored with tipping-pot devices for runoff and soil erosion measurement. Treatments were: compost addition (64 Mg ha⁻¹), mineral fertilisation, use of low-pressure tyres, use of traditional tyres, with three replicates, in a fully randomised block design. Compost was applied once at the beginning of the experiment. Runoff reduction due to compost ranged between 7 and 399 m³ ha⁻¹ during seasons, while soil erosion was reduced between 0.2 and 2.4 Mg ha⁻¹. Mean weight diameter (MWD) of stable aggregates, measured on wheel tracks, increased by 2.19 mm, then progressively decreased. Compost significantly increased bulk density by 0.08 Mg m⁻³ due to its inert fraction content. This effect was less evident in the second and third year, probably due to harrowing. Maize yields were slightly, but significantly, reduced in composted plots by 1.72 Mg ha⁻¹ in the third year. Low-pressure tyres significantly reduced soil loss in the third year by 1 Mg ha⁻¹. Furthermore, they did not significantly influence runoff volumes and soil structural stability. Low-pressure tyres or compost addition were singly able to prevent an increase in penetrometer resistance due to agricultural machinery traffic. Low-pressure tyres increased the maize yield during the 3 years and the difference (0.4 Mg ha⁻¹) became significant in the third year. In conclusion, results show the positive lasting effect of compost in ameliorating soil physical properties and reducing runoff and soil erosion. Low-pressure tyres appear justifiable both for the observed increase of grain production and reduction of soil compaction. This latter effect is, nevertheless, masked by compost addition which is also able to reduce penetrometer resistance. Further research is required to explain the causes of the slight inhibition of grain yield observed when compost was compared with mineral fertilisation.     

南京城市土壤磷的形态和吸附-解吸特征

研究了南京城市土壤有机磷、各形态无机磷的含量和比例以及磷的吸附 -解吸特性。结果表明 :随着土壤全磷含量的增加 ,Al-P、Fe -P、O -P、Ca -P含量、Al-P占全磷的比例增加 ,但有机磷占全磷的比例、Fe -P占全磷的比例减少 ;与非城区土壤相比较 ,城市土壤磷的吸附量低 ,磷的解吸量和解吸率高 ;城市土壤中Al -P的含量及其在全磷中的比例较高 ,而磷的吸附量低、解吸率高是导致城市地下水磷浓度偏高的重要原因之一。     

上海市区街道灰尘重金属污染研究

对上海市区街道灰尘重金属的分布特征、赋存形态及其生物有效性进行了研究,结果表明,市区街道灰尘中Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn的平均含量分别为264、182、86和673 mg kg-1,远高于上海市土壤环境背景值;重金属含量空间分布差异较大,Cu、Pb和Zn污染中心区主要位于商业区和内环线附近,Ni污染中心区主要位于外环线附近;市区街道灰尘中Pb主要以铁锰氧化物结合态存在,Cu主要以有机物结合态存在,Ni主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在,Zn主要以残渣态存在;其生物有效性表现为:Ni≈Pb>Zn>Cu。     

城市土壤的压实退化及其环境效应

城市土壤普遍存在严重的压实退化现象。由于压实的影响,土壤物理性质发生了显著的改变:结构破坏、容重和硬度增大、孔隙度和渗透性降低。这些重要的变化对土壤生物活动、土壤物理-化学平衡和氧化还原状况、土壤的过滤和缓冲性能都产生影响。由此对环境产生严重的负面效应:地下水的自然回灌减少,地表径流量增加,降雨的径流洪峰加快、加大,地表水体的污染负荷增加。土壤温度、微生物活动、养分转化都不同于自然土壤,植物的生长也受到严重的影响。