加快云南热作产业发展的思考

概述了云南主要热带、亚热带作物的生产现状及存在问题,提出加速该省热作产业健康发展的思路和主要措施.     

湖南省主要经济林树种管理信息系统的研制

湖南省是经济林主产区，产量高、品质优、但由于信息不流通而无法发挥其应有的效益。本研究将湖南省主要经济林树种划分为五大类，每类选取3～5个特色树种作为研究对象，以Powerbuilder7.0为开发工具，以Oracle 8.0作为数据库管理软件，研究开发出基于Client/Server计算机网络体系结构、依托校园网提供INTERNET服务的经济林管理信息系统。     

The effect of cattle grazing on soil physical and chemical properties in a silvopastoral system in the Peruvian Amazon

In a six-year-old peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) plantation, centrosema (Centrosema macrocarpum), a leguminous forage plant, was established as a cover crop which was eventually grazed. This experiment was designed to monitor probable changes in soil physical and chemical properties and measure peach palm fruit production and live-weight gain of cattle grazing this silvopastoral system. The experiment was installed on land that was previously cleared by a D7 bulldozer having a straight blade that mixed the thin layer of topsoil with the acid subsoil (20–40 cm) and severely compacted the soil. The results demonstrated that the centrosema cover crop reduced soil bulk density, increased water infiltration rates and reduced mechanical resistance. In general soil physical properties were improved with the use of Centrosema as forage and cover crop. Soil acidity and aluminum saturation decreased considerably, while potassium concentrations increased. Calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased over time as these minerals were stored in the pasture biomass, translocated to fresh peach palm fruits and/or exported to animals. A strong competition for nutrients was observed between the peach palm plants and Centrosema. The low production of peach palm fruits was in response to mechanized land clearing during initial establishment of the plantation, and also probably due to deficits of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the soil instead of being a consequence to the presence of cattle. The average increase in live-weight gains of the cattle was at a rate of 445 g/animal/day during the four-years of the study. Such an increase is substantially greater than those registered in the area under traditional grazing systems used in the region. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

杨-粮间作新栽培模式对小麦产量及质量影响的评价

主要探讨了杨-粮间作新栽培模式对小麦产量和质量的影响。研究结果表明:5年生杨树杨-粮间作新栽培模式[(3×3)m×20m,(3×3)m×30m,(3×3)m×40m]小麦产量低于对照农田10%～15%、;林内小麦种子的淀粉含量和蛋白质含量均高于对照农田,分别增加了12%和22.1%,蛋白质提高幅度大于淀粉提高幅度。影响小麦产量和千粒重的主要因子为照度、空气温度、空气湿度及土壤含水量;提高小麦质量的主要因子为空气温度。     

优良牧草引种试验初报

为寻求适合毛乌素沙区大力发展舍饲养殖业的优质高产主效牧草品种,探索农牧交错牧业 可持续发展的有效途径,特在红石峡沙地引进７种牧草进行试验。结果表明,所引牧草新品种完全适生于引种区的气候条件和土壤条件,其抗逆性强,并能获得较高的经济、生态和社会效益。建议在毛乌素沙区大力推广。     

河南省经济林生产现状及发展思路

本文通过对河南省经济林生产现状的概述，指出生产中存在的问题，并提出发展对策。     

礼县核桃丰产栽培技术

核桃丰产的栽培是通过土肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等管理技术措施,提高核桃优质产量,进一步改变礼县贫穷山区的落后面貌,不断增加农民经济收入。     

干旱地区枣粮间种“两大效益”的调查研究

通过对枣粮间作区和纯农作业区水土径流含沙量测定和收益情况调查,表明:枣粮间作区含沙量低于农作物区15.16%,土埂径冲刷损害轻微;枣粮间作区经济效益是纯农物区的4.7倍。