Disease risk perception and diversity of management strategies by farmers: The case of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on water yams (Dioscorea alata) in Guadeloupe

Disease perception and adequate management practices are two essential issues faced by farmers, especially in the current context of climate change which may potentially increase disease risk. We investigated the diversity of water yam cropping systems in Guadeloupe through interviews, how producers and international yam research scientists perceived anthracnose, and how this perception correlated with farmers’ risk management strategies. We found that disease perception by farmers is very close to perception by international yam experts, as both have the same perception of the hierarchy of factors translating into disease. Three different yam production strategies coexist at a local scale, where agronomic practices and socio-economic profiles are distinct and consistent with attitude toward anthracnose risk management. Six factors were perceived as decreasing the disease: associated crop species; crop rotation; staking; weeding; crop monitoring and varietal admixture. Yam producers raising crops more intensively were risk prone, while others usually sought practices to manage disease appearance and spread. Both cumulative risk and past anthracnose epidemic experiences translated into heavier reliance on chemicals. These results have practical implications for designing best yam crop management systems and control of yam anthracnose.     

中草药防治奶牛产科疾病研究进展

本文从中草药防治奶牛产科疾病的作用机理、中草药在防治奶牛产科疾病上的应用和中草药治疗奶牛产科疾病研究展望三个方面阐述了中草药防治奶牛产科疾病研究进展,并指出了存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine compounds on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds (TCMC) on rumen fermentation, methane emission and populations of ruminal microbes using an in vitro gas production technique. Cablin patchouli herb (CPH), Atractylodes rhizome (AR), Amur Cork-tree (AC) and Cypsum were mixed with the weight ratios of 1:1:1:0.5 and 1:1:1:1 to make up TCMC1 and TCMC2, respectively. Both TCMC were added at level of 25 g/kg of substrate dry matter. In vitro gas production was recorded and methane concentration was determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 h, the incubation was terminated and the inoculants were measured for pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFA). Total deoxyribonucleic acid of ruminal microbes was extracted from the inocula, and populations were determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Populations of total rumen methanogens, protozoa, total fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were expressed as a proportion of total rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Compared with the control, the 2 TCMC decreased (P ≤ 0.05) total VFA concentration, acetate molar proportion, acetate to propionate ratio, gas and methane productions at 12 and 24 h, hydrogen (H) produced and consumed, and methanogens and total fungi populations, while the 2 TCMC increased (P ≤ 0.05) propionate molar proportion. Traditional Chinese medicine compound 1 also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) R. flavefaciens population. From the present study, it is inferred that there is an effect of the TCMC in suppressing methanogenesis, probably mediated via indirect mode by channeling H₂ utilized for methanogenesis to synthesis of propionate and direct action against the rumen microbes involved in methane formation. In addition, the relative methane reduction potential (RMRP) of TCMC2 was superior to that of TCMC1.     

中草药标本室的建立对中兽医药与方剂学课程的影响

为了更好地开展中兽医药与方剂学课程的教学和科学研究,使学生了解和掌握中草药物和方剂的理论学习,通过制作中草药饮片标本、干制标本、蜡叶标本和浸制标本,不断地建立和完善中草药标本室,也可以通过中草药标本二维码数据库的建立、常见植物标本的种植栽培,以及野外采集中草药实践教学的实施,提高学生对中兽医药与方剂学课程的学习质量,以期为今后临床实践和应用打下良好的理论基础。     

棉花数量性状遗传与QTL定位研究进展

棉花许多重要的性状多为数量性状。现代分子生物技术的发展为植物数量性状基因的定位、分离等研究提供了条件。从数量性状基因座(QTL)作图群体类型及其特点,QTL定位方法,QTL精细定位、克隆、利用等方面进行了综述,并对今后QTL研究进行了展望。     

第十届花博会广东“粤芳园”的传统山水造园手法应用

造园,古往今来,神形兼备,“神”通过意境的营造以传达园的精神与韵味,“形”通过地形空间的塑造以形成高低、远近、虚实、藏露的丰富场景,为意境的营造提供平台。神与形相互烘托,互相成就,共同体现了中国传统造园的精髓。第十届花博会广东“粤芳园”通过地形的塑造,营造了“高山流水”“小中见大”的丰富空间与景观层次,以曲径通幽、蜿蜒前行的园径引导游人沉浸式体验绿意盎然、花木繁茂的岭南水乡的风采,在移步换景中感受中国园林的“形”与“神”,体现了传统山水造园手法在当代园林的应用。     

四组中药组方治疗绵羊传染性胸膜肺炎效果观察

羊传染性胸膜肺炎又称羊支原体性肺炎,由支原体所引起的一种高度接触性传染病,其临床特征为高热,咳嗽,胸和胸膜发生浆液性和纤维素性炎症,主要危害1～3月龄的羔羊,常呈急性和慢性经过,病死率较高,是绵羊养殖中较为常见的呼吸道疾病。临床上大多采用抗生素进行治疗,但常常发生耐药情况而导致疗效差的情况。近年来,我们采用早期应用中草药辅以较为敏感的抗生素进行治疗,取得了良好的治疗效果。本文就对常用的4组中药组方开展疗效观察,筛选出了一组疗效最佳的中药组方,以期为临床治疗提供解决方案。     

桂西北传统中草药红丝线的重金属含量分析

[目的]为了分析广西河池不同产地红丝线的产品质量安全状况,为进一步开发和利用桂西北这种特色植物资源提供基础数据。[方法]测定了红丝线中镉、锰、铅、锌、铜等9种重金属元素含量,采用湿法消解———火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定红丝线中重金属元素 Cd、Mn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Zn的含量,用原子荧光光谱法测定红丝线中的 As、Hg、Se含量。[结果]红丝线中的 Cd、Mn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Se 含量分别为：1.62～17.25、8.93～142.53、4.37～18.43、103.7～242.81、2.55～5.35、85.40～146.30、0.07～0.54、0.00～0.08、0.00～0.47 mg/kg。参照国家食品安全相关标准和药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准,采自河池各地的大部分红丝线的重金属含量超标或达到临界值,其中, Cd、Pb、Zn含量超标比较严重。[结论]土壤重金属污染对红丝线及其他食用植物产品质量安全影响问题值得高度关注。     

利益主体视角下福建省传统村落的保护与利用对策

为了探讨福建省传统村落的保护与利用对策,该研究首先从传统村落的数量,居民参与度、观赏点和基础设施等方面了解了福建省传统村落的现状;然后从当地政府和有关部门、当地居民、旅游企业、游客群体4个方面分析了参与保护与利用的利益主体的需求。在此基础上,认为福建省在保护与利用传统村落时,应发挥政府的主导作用、当地居民的能动性作用,帮助旅游企业确立"保护为主,开发为辅"的指导方针和协调好各利益主体的利益分配,促成协作与融合,进而促进传统村落的开发利用。