10种中草药对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌试验

采用试管法和平板法,分别测定了10种中草药对临床分离的一株鸡关节炎源性金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),从而为临床预防和治疗鸡金黄色葡萄球菌性关节炎提供理论依据。结果发现,10种单味中草药对临床分离的球菌均有一定的抗菌活性,尤其是黄连、大青叶、艾叶、连翘4 种中草药的体外抗菌效果更明显。     

中药注射液鸡胚接种抗鸡新城疫病毒研究

为了研究中药与西药奥司他韦(达菲)抗鸡新城疫病毒效果的差异,用珍珠草、华荠苧2味中药制成注射液,采用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,检测中药与西药注射液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。结果表明,中药注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用,并且从鸡胚死亡数、活胚数和HA滴度等方面比较,中药与西药抗病毒效果无差异。表明二者抗病毒效果相似,均能完全抑制鸡新城疫病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

利用根尖染色体鉴别药用植物丹参、甘西鼠尾的种子

[目的]鉴别丹参和甘西鼠尾的种子。[方法]种子25℃萌发,待根尖长0.5~1.0cm,冰箱4℃冷藏预处理24h,卡诺固定液固定1~1.5h,1∶1的浓盐酸和95%乙醇解离10~15min,改良的石碳酸品红液染色,镜检取分散良好的标本,冰冻揭盖片,中性树胶封片显微照像、计数、测量。[结果]两者在染色体的形态和结构上有明显差异。[结论]利用根尖染色体可以有效鉴别丹参和甘西鼠尾的种子。     

中药外用剂型及应用

中药的应用在我国有悠久的历史,在中医理论指导下衍生出了一系列种类丰富的中药外用剂型,如:散剂、膏剂、酒剂等。随着科学技术的进步,中药外用剂型种类逐渐增多,如:栓剂、膜剂、喷雾剂等。对常用传统和当代新的中药外用剂型及其临床应用进行综述,以期为研发外用中药新制剂提供参考。     

中国传统犁及其技术传播

关于中国犁的起源要远早于西亚。尽管西起地中海沿岸,东到中国、日本,有东西横贯亚洲大陆的"长底犁的道路",但犁型多样性特别丰富的西亚和印度东部只能作为犁起源的候补地。不过要深入探究中国犁的起源问题,还有很长的路要走。     

人口·制度与传统中国农业技术发展研究——国内外学者的研究评述

对传统中国农业发展研究中的“人口论”和“制度论”进行了分析，认为有其合理性，但也存在一定不足。尽管有人口压力，传统中国的农业技术一直保持在一个较高的水平。在没有农业以外部门的科学技术的突破与发展的背景下，传统中国农业技术的发展长期陷在“高水平的陷阱”中。因此，笔者认为，在解释传统中国农业技术发展滞后的社会原因时，应注意“传统”与“现代”农业技术的分野。     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.     

A Suitable Site for in situ (On-farm) Management of Plant Diversity in Traditional Agroecosystems of Western Himalaya in Uttaranchal State: A Case Study

There is a growing realisation world over that the introduction of modern agriculture has to be supplemented with measures to conserve biodiversity in situ if yield gains are to be stabilized. Hence, there is a growing interest from agricultural development specialists and conservation biologists for understanding the socioeconomic factors determining the conservation of biodiversity in situ. The present study was conducted with the objective of understanding the in situ (on-farm) conservation of agrobiodiversity in traditional agroecosystems taking the Urgam valley in north-western Himalaya of India, as a case study. An inventory was made of traditional crops and wild economic species for subsistence, and the structure of forest resource base, traditional knowledge related to resource management and use. Institutional and scientific challenges for in situ (on-farm) management of crop diversity were studied and are discussed in this paper. Complementarity of in situ (on-farm) conservation with ex situ conservation together with crop improvement in such marginal areas are suggested.     

科研院所图书馆应向研究型发展

介绍了研究型图书馆的特点和比较传统型图书馆和研究型图书馆，分析了我国科研院所图书馆向研究型图书馆发展的必要性，提出科研院所图书馆由传统服务向研究型发展的对策。

     

兰花选育种研究进展

兰科植物为单子叶植物中最大的一个科。各地极其重视资源的调查、收集与驯化及其外来品种的引进：已有17个种的兰花种子成功运用超低温技术贮存；染色体分析技术及分子标记成为资源评价的重要手段．应用于研究兰科植物的亲缘关系及其遗传多样性这两方面的研究报道较多。兰花育种以传统的人工杂交为主，通过人工杂交已获得大量种间、属间杂交种；多倍体育种方法及生物技术作为辅助手段应用于兰花育种，获得了多倍体植株及转基因植株。