Genetic assessment of apple germplasm in Bosnia and Herzegovina using microsatellite and morphologic markers

Traditional apple cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), potentially diverse due to specific geographic location and history of the country, represent a possible source of valuable traits for future breeding efforts and sustainable fruit growing. A total of 39 accessions, 24 traditional B&H cultivars and 15 modern international cultivars, maintained at the ex situ apple collection “Srebrenik” in Northeast Bosnia were, investigated using 10 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers and 23 morphologic characteristics. All the used primer pairs manage to amplify clearly distinguishable and highly polymorphic SSR alleles, in average 10.4 alleles per locus. More than two different alleles per locus were detected for seven accessions (five traditional B&H cultivars and two international cultivars). Forty one unique alleles were exclusively present within the B&H cultivars, while seven unique alleles were only detected within international cultivars. The differentiation between traditional B&H and international cultivars (Fst = 0.060; P < 0.0001) was significant, also confirmed by analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) (f_CT = 0.092; P < 0.001). Cluster analyses of 39 apple accessions, based on 10 SSR loci, revealed that only two traditional B&H cultivars grouped tightly with international cultivars (Ljepocvjetka and Bobovec Jon), while the rest formed separate clusters. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), nonparametric multivariate analyses of variance (NPMANOVA) and analyses of similarity (ANOSIM) showed statistically significant difference in morphologic characteristics between traditional B&H cultivars and the international cultivars. Cluster analyses of 39 apple accessions, based on the morphologic data, displayed less differentiation between traditional and international accessions, in comparison to the cluster analyses based on molecular data. No correlation between the molecular and morphologic data set was detected using the Mantel test. Many of the morphologic characteristics which have been analyzed in this study have significant commercial importance, we can assume that unlike the microsatellites these traits have been under agronomic selection pressure.     

基于生态足迹的传统农业地区可持续发展评价—— 以贵州省从江县为例

由于自然条件的限制和历史等原因,贵州省从江县至今还保持着比较完好的稻田养鱼传统农业生产方式,并形成了独具特色的农业文化遗产.为全面认识这一农业文化遗产的价值,并为其合理保护提供理论依据和科学基础,本文分析了从江县2007年的生态足迹及其构成,总结了传统农业地区的资源消耗特点以及传统农业在区域生态平衡、资源消耗、可持续发展等方面所起的重要作用.研究表明,从江县居民对食物和住房的需求很高,分别占总需求的45.9%和33.3%,导致从江县耕地和林地生态足迹构成生态足迹的主体部分;相比之下,从江县的化石能源地生态足迹仅占总生态足迹的3.0%,而由林地提供的主要燃料柴薪才是能源生态足迹的主体部分,这与资源消耗较高的工业化地区明显不同.资源的低消耗使得从江县可以维持在生态平衡状态,人均生态盈余为0.058 1 hm2.可见,传统农业通过影响人们的农业生产方式和生活消费模式,不仅对区域的生态平衡维持和文化传承起着重要作用,且对区域社会经济可持续发展有重要意义.     

中药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能的影响

用放射免疫分析法研究了中药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能的影响 ,结果表明 ,中药添加剂均能不同程度地协调热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能。其中 ,中药添加剂 B使血浆 T3 含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ,甲状腺重量增加 ;血浆皮质醇含量极显著降低 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,肾上腺重量显著减轻 ;血浆 LH、E2 含量显著或极显著升高 ,卵巢重量增加     

中草药防治鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)试验

本研究依据中兽医理论选药组方,对IBD病鸡进行了治疗和预防试验,结果发现:治愈率达93.5％,(4299/4600);预防保护率98.6％(6805/6900),提示,该方对治疗和预防IBD病均有好的效果。     

浅析数字化时代高校图书馆信息资源建设

数字图书馆的出现，以其独特的优势受到了人们的青睐，但并不因此就意味着传统图书馆的消失，传统图书馆仍然散发着永恒的魅力。由于高校图书馆的特殊性，在未来的发展中，传统图书馆和数字图书馆将会互相弥补各自的不足之处。相互借鉴对方的长处，取长补短、共建共享。     

棕榈科植物育种研究的现状及展望

分析了棕榈科植物育种的目标,阐述了目前育种中主要应用的几种育种方法,探讨了分子育种在棕榈科植物中的应用现状,提出了加强分子育种的研究与常规育种相结合,加快新品种的培育。     

农用运输机械的绿色设计研究

阐述了产品绿色设计的概念,绿色设计与传统设计的区别,产品绿色设计的原则和内容。针对当前农用运输机械的现状,论述了农用运输机械的绿色设计,可以为实现农村经济的可持续性发展提供保证。     

利用根尖染色体鉴别药用植物丹参、甘西鼠尾的种子

[目的]鉴别丹参和甘西鼠尾的种子。[方法]种子25℃萌发,待根尖长0.5~1.0cm,冰箱4℃冷藏预处理24h,卡诺固定液固定1~1.5h,1∶1的浓盐酸和95%乙醇解离10~15min,改良的石碳酸品红液染色,镜检取分散良好的标本,冰冻揭盖片,中性树胶封片显微照像、计数、测量。[结果]两者在染色体的形态和结构上有明显差异。[结论]利用根尖染色体可以有效鉴别丹参和甘西鼠尾的种子。     

辣蓼的应用及其功效

综述了中草药辣蓼在植物源农药、医药保健以及兽药等方面的应用。辣蓼在医药保健中的应用主要表现在它具有抗微生物活性、抗氧化作用以及抗病毒作用中;在植物源农药上主要运用辣蓼具有杀虫、拒食、驱避等活性作用;而在兽药方面主要运用其根或全草治疗多种疾病,均取得了很好的疗效。最后就辣蓼作为植物源农药的独特优越性作了简单扼要的介绍。     

Traditional knowledge and pest management in the Guatemalan highlands

Adoption of integrated pest management(IPM) practices in the Guatemalan highlands has beenlimited by the failure of researchers andextensionists to promote genuine farmer participationin their efforts. Some attempts have been made toredress this failure in the diffusion-adoptionprocess, but farmers are still largely excluded fromthe research process. Understanding farmers'agricultural knowledge must be an early step toward amore participatory research process. With this inmind, we conducted a semi-structured survey of 75Cakchiquel Maya farmers in Patzún, Guatemala, tobegin documenting their pest control practices. Theirresponses revealed that their understanding ofbiological and curative pest control is limited.However, their broad knowledge of cultural preventivepest control practices could explain why they hadfaced few pest problems in their traditionalmilpa (intercrop of corn, beans, and other edibleplants). The majority of these preventive practicesare probably efficient and environmentallyinnocuous.