硝酸还原酶与氮素利用的关系及其在作物遗传育种中的应用(综述)

本文综述了硝酸还原酶与氮素利用的关系及其遗传特性和在作物育种中应用的某些最新进展。氮吸收、利用等性状的生理和遗传特性极其复杂,受环境影响很大,对其进行遗传改良需考虑多种指标。对硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)与品质性状和产量的关系的争论很多,有些研究表明 NRA 可作为品质、产量性状的选择指标,有些则相反。逆境条件下 NRA 的变化非常敏感,NRA 可能与抗逆性有关。     

两端不等弯矩作用下薄壁梁柱的弯扭屈曲

本文采用Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｒｉｔｚ法求解两端不等弯矩作用下单轴对称开口薄壁截面梁柱弯扭屈曲临界荷载，分析中考虑了三种常见的边界条件以及屈曲前变形的影响，将本文弯扭屈由临界荷载理论值与试验值比较，吻合较好。     

沙棘红缘天牛综合防治

1987～1990年,对沙棘毁灭性害虫红缘天牛发生特点及防治技术进行研究,提出了从加强沙棘园综合管理,提高树势入手,结合成虫期喷雾,幼虫为害期注射的综合防治措施,防效达95%左右,同时可兼治蚜虫、木虱、茶翅蝽等多种害虫。     

用受评者的得分给评委们评分

由评委评分确定受评者的成绩，是一种普遍方式，但其中各个评委的作用识别问题却被忽视，因而无法确切地评价所选择的评委是否都很称职。本文提出根据受评者得分的总体结果，建立识别各评委作用的反馈控制，以提高选择评委的质量。因此构造了识别各评 委作用的二次规划数学模型，既适用于简单计算平均分作为受评者得分的评分模式，又适用于剔除高低分后再计算得分的评分模式，在普遍情形下得出唯一的求解结果。并且针对模型的特殊数据结构，给出了用最小二乘法求解的显式简便计算式，可以方便求解。进而使用这一方法，作了两个具体实例分析。     

牛腔前卵泡的简易机械分离方法

采用两种机械法分离牛腔前卵泡。方法一 (M -1) ,皮肤移植刀切割、剪碎、过滤镜下直接捡卵法。方法二 (M -2 ) ,皮质片剪碎、离心、悬浮、过滤镜下捡卵法。M -1平均每卵巢采卵数为 46 9个± 18 2个 ,M -2为 6 8 4个± 12 5个 ;处理时间M -1为 2 5 4min± 6 7min ,M -2为 46 3min± 16 8min ,两种方法采集腔前卵泡数量及处理时间均存在显著差异。平均每小时采集卵泡数分别为 99 5和 87 2个 ,M -1多于M -2。两种方法获得腔前卵泡大小分布规律也有明显差异 ,M -1采集腔前卵泡直径为 6 0～ 15 0 μm ,绝大部分是次级卵泡 ,而M -2获取腔前卵泡则偏小。总的看来 ,M -1处理时间短 ,回收效率高 ,方法简便 ,且分离卵泡直径较大 ,适于体外培养 ,是机械分离牛腔前卵泡的一种理想方法。     

仔兔补饲方法的比较试验

仔兔从18～20日龄采取随笼补饲和离笼补饲两种方法。两批试验结果表明:随笼补饲的仔兔断奶窝重、窝日增重及成活率均明显高于离笼补饲的仔兔,重要的是随笼补饲极大简化了烦琐操作程序,减少了工作量,更适合规模化养兔场应用。     

高校图书馆电子阅览室管理和服务

本文介绍湖南科技大学图书馆电子阅览室管理现状与管理系统,探讨高校图书馆电子阅览室的软、硬件的管理维护,推行读者柔性管理和开展电子阅览室特色服务的途径。     

牵引犁受力分析的解析方法

分析了牵引犁受力图解法求解所存在的问题，用解析方法建立了牵引犁受力的矩阵方程组并利用计算机进行了求解，预测了各结构参数变化对机组受力工况的影响，从而为牵引犁机组的合理配置和各部件结构的强度计算和优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Effect of Integration of Fertilizer and Green Manure Nitrogen on Yield Attributes, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha⁻¹ (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha⁻¹ and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha⁻¹ full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha⁻¹ applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars.