叶片数对VAWT-SWS低风速自起动性能的影响

为探明叶片数对自适应风速垂直轴风力机(VAWT-SWS)自起动性能的影响,设计了可更换叶片个数(2,3,4)的风力机模型,通过风洞实验获得了3 m/s风速下风力机的静态转矩系数随方位角变化曲线,并与相同参数的Darrieus直叶片风力机(D-风力机)进行了对比。之后使自适应风速垂直轴风力机空载,得到了3 m/s风速下其转速随时间变化曲线。实验结果表明:自适应风速垂直轴风力机的自起动性能优于Darrieus直叶片风力机,增加叶片数可使自适应风速垂直轴风力机的静态自起动性能提高,但使动态自起动性能降低。     

基于EDEM的双翼式深松铲设计与仿真试验

设计了一种由铲柄、铲翼及铲尖组成的双翼式深松铲,建立了基于EDEM离散元仿真模型,分析确定了双翼式深松铲主要工作参数及结构参数并进行仿真试验.结果表明,在试验范围内,双翼式深松铲耕作阻力F随铲翼翻土角γ及起土角α增大而增小,随耕作速度v先减小后增大.当双翼式深松铲铲翼翻土角γ取30°、起土角α取30°、耕作速度v取0.75 m/s时,双翼式深松铲耕作阻力F最小.土槽试验结果表明,双翼式深松铲作业时,土壤沿铲翼后部自动向内及后方迁移,土壤原地翻转,不堆积在侧边地表且两侧扰动小.     

刈割对缘毛雀麦3个品系再生的影响

在缘毛雀麦Bromus ciliatus 3个品系生长进入拔节期后,通过不同留茬高度（0～2、2～4、4～6 cm）的刈割处理,对其再生特性进行了测定分析。结果表明：各品系留茬高度与牧草再生速度呈显著正相关(r=0.724 1,P<0.05),其中9708品系留茬4～6 cm刈割后再生速度较快,9714品系留茬0～2 cm刈割后再生速度较慢;在同样刈割处理条件下,9708品系和9714品系再生分蘖数无差异(P>0.05),9701品系在第2次刈割留茬4～6 cm时,再生分蘖数显著(P<0.05)高于其他2个品系;随留茬高度的增加,9701品系和9708品系的总干草产量递增,而9714品系的总干草产量却呈递减趋势。9701品系和9708品系的适宜留茬高度为4～6 cm,9714品系适宜留茬高度是0～2 cm。     

不同因素影响壳聚糖降解速度的研究

在酸性条件下,研究了反应温度、柠檬酸的浓度以及不同有机酸对壳聚糖降解速度的影响。试验表明,随着反应温度的增加,壳聚糖的降解速度增大,但超过70℃时趋于稳定;随柠檬酸浓度的增加,壳聚糖的降解速度也增加,但增加程度减小;草酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、苹果酸对壳聚糖的降解速度为草酸>柠檬酸>琥珀酸>酒石酸>苹果酸。     

风向变化速度对风力机功率及转速的影响

为了探索风向变化时风力机输出功率及转速的变化情况,以某S翼型三叶片水平轴风力机为研究对象,利用旋转平台模拟风向匀速变化过程,采用IEC61400中规定的极端风向角变化速度5°/s为上限,每间隔1°/s选取1个风向变化速度,即选取1,2,3,4和5°/s这5个风向变化速度,研究不同风向变化速度下风力机输出功率、转速的变化规律.结果表明:风力机在不同风向变化速度下其输出功率与转速总体都呈现波动下降趋势,同一风速下风向变化速度越大,下降速率越快,但在其风向变化过程中对应的下降幅值越小;在风向变化开始与结束时都存在迟滞现象,风向变化开始时风力机输出功率出现小幅度上升,并持续波动3 s左右后才会开始下降;风向变化结束后,风力机需要继续运行一段时间后输出功率与转速才会达到稳定值,风向变化速度越大,该迟滞时间越长,初始尖速比越大,最终稳定后数值越大.     

基于印制绕组的电磁式自供电拖拉机轮速传感器研究

针对传统供电方式难以适应现代农业传感器网络使用需求的问题,设计了一种基于印制绕组和Halbach阵列的电磁式自供电拖拉机轮速传感器。装置采用中间定子、两侧转子的结构形式,基于法拉第电磁感应定律对装置的输出感应电动势进行理论推导,确定其影响参数。使用有限元仿真软件,对影响装置输出性能的磁体排列方式、线圈匝数和装置气隙等进行仿真分析,并结合实际工程经验确定了定子线圈形状和永磁体极对数等参数。设计了后端电路,其可对装置的输出电压进行整流、测量和传输,从而计算转速,并可由装置直接供电。制作了装置样机,分别开展台架标定测试和实车应用试验。试验结果表明,装置转速和电压线性拟合结果良好,决定系数R2为0.99991,在转速400r/min下整流后的直流电压输出约为3.16V,可以满足为后端电路供电的需求。与商用编码器相比,在台架测试中装置的转速测量精度保持在1%以内,实车测试中精度基本保持在5%以内,可以满足实际使用要求。     

气送式玉米高速精量排种器供种系统设计与试验

针对气送式玉米高速精量排种器进行高速精量播种时排种器内存种量波动较大,无法维持最佳作业状态的问题,提出通过改进供种装置结构、优化供种控制模型的技术思路。设计了一种智能供种系统,采用可替换轮片的新型供种轮结构和以正弦函数为基础的波动变量供种方式,根据供种效果实时调节供种速度波动幅度,从而使排种器内的存种量保持在较好区间,确保排种器在较高作业性能下进行持续性工作。对关键零部件进行了结构参数设计,通过离散元仿真和台架试验获取并验证了不同结构的供种轮较优工作区间,同时对波动变量供种模型性能进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,新型供种轮能够通过改变自身结构在供种速度250~1500g/min范围内将供种速度变异系数保持在20%以下。优化后新型波动变量供种控制模型将使供种速度以波动变量供种的方式进行平滑变化,在供种速度500~1500g/min范围内围绕供种需求进行100g/min左右幅度的波动供种,满足玉米精量播种的技术要求。     

Characterization of soil profiles in a landscape affected by long-term tillage

Soil movement by tillage redistributes soil within the profile and throughout the landscape, resulting in soil removal from convex slope positions and soil accumulation in concave slope positions. Previous investigations of the spatial variability in surface soil properties and crop yield in a glacial till landscape in west central Minnesota indicated that wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields were decreased in upper hillslope positions affected by high soil erosion loss. In the present study, soil cores were collected and characterized to indicate the effects of long-term intensive tillage on soil properties as a function of depth and tillage erosion. This study provides quantitative measures of the chemical and physical properties of soil profiles in a landscape subject to prolonged tillage erosion, and compares the properties of soil profiles in areas of differing rates of tillage erosion and an uncultivated hillslope. These comparisons emphasize the influence of soil translocation within the landscape by tillage on soil profile characteristics. Soil profiles in areas subject to soil loss by tillage erosion >20 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ were characterized by truncated profiles, a shallow depth to the C horizon (mean upper boundary 75 cm from the soil surface), a calcic subsoil and a tilled layer containing 19 g kg⁻¹ of inorganic carbon. In contrast, profiles in areas of soil accumulation by tillage >10 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ exhibited thick sola with low inorganic carbon content (mean 3 g kg⁻¹) and a large depth to the C horizon (usually >1.5 m below the soil surface). When compared to areas of soil accumulation, organic carbon, total nitrogen and Olsen-extractable phosphorus contents measured lower, whereas inorganic carbon content, pH and soil strength measured higher throughout the profile in eroded landscape positions because of the reduced soil organic matter content and the influence of calcic subsoil material. The mean surface soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in cultivated areas (regardless of erosion status) were less than half that measured in an uncultivated area, indicating that intensive tillage and cropping has significantly depleted the surface soil organic matter in this landscape. Prolonged intensive tillage and cropping at this site has effectively removed at least 20 cm of soil from the upper hillslope positions.     

Dynamic analysis of high speed motorized spindles with eccentrics

In order to study dynamic behaviors of high speed motorized spindles under different eccentric conditions,the dynamics of high speed motorized spindles is analyzed by using finite element method on the basis of its structure,and an analytical dynamic model of high speed motorized spindles is established. Based on electromagnetism and mechanical system dynamics,expressions of general unbalanced force of high speed motorized spindles are established. Thus,dynamic characteristics of spindles,such as natural frequencies and unbalance response,can be obtained from the proposed model while spindles have different preloads and bearing configurations. The parameters of a 120MD60Y6 motorized spindle are substituted into the model and a simulation is carried out by Matlab/Simulink. The result shows good agreement with the data obtained from experimental modal analysis,which proves that the proposed model is correct.     

观音莲(Herba Monachosori Henryi)水培生根研究

[目的]研究观音莲水培生根特性,为观音莲水培快繁提供理论依据。[方法]分析了观音莲在去根、不去根、透光、不透光、水溶液和营养液6个因子8个处理下生根数量、生根速度和生根长度的变化。[结果]去根后,观音莲生根数量最多(19.75条)、生根长度最长(2.74 cm)、生根速度最快;不去根生根数量最少(11.50条)、生根长度最短(1.02 cm)、生根速度最慢;8个处理中,处理ABc对观音莲生根数量和生根长度的影响分别为第2和第3,处理AbC对观音莲生根数量和生根长度的影响分别为第3和第1;不去根透光水溶液处理(处理aBC)和不去根透光营养液处理(处理aBc)综合效果最差。[结论]6个因子中去根与否对观音莲水培影响最大,其中去根透光营养液处理(ABc)和去根不透水溶液处理(AbC)综合效果较好。