引诱剂对两种外来白蚁的引诱作用

利用白蚁喜食的植物和添加剂等配制了4种白蚁诱饵并在进口木材上进行了诱捕试验，筛选出了效果较好的2种配方。并对其在木材白蚁检疫中的应用进行了探讨。     

Preservative properties of vapor-boron-treated wood and wood-based composites

The treatability of wood (sapwood ofCryptomeria japonica D. Don) and wood-based composites (particleboard, waferboard, medium-density fiberboard, plywood) with vapor-boron was good, and the treated materials proved to be resistant to decay fungi and subterranean termites in laboratory bioassays. No difference in effectiveness was noted between vapor-boron and liquid-boron treatment of wood. Toxic threshold values determined for solid wood were 0%–0.24%, 0.26%–0.51%, and 0.26%–0.51% BAE (boric acid equivalent), respectively, against the white-rot fungusTrametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat, the brown-rot fungusFomitopsis palustris (Berk. et Curt.), and the subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki. A concentration of less than 1% BAE seemed sufficient to control biological attacks on composites, although the toxic limits could not be determined more accurately because of the tested range of boron retention. High boron retention was needed to meet the performance requirements for slow-burning materials when a fire-retardant agent was not incorporated into the glue line.     

Leachability,decay, and termite resistance of wood treated with metaborates

The formation of insoluble metaborates in wood was investigated by impregnating the wood with borax and metallic salts, after which their properties (e.g., leachability in running water and biological resistance) were evaluated. The solubility of three metaborates in acidic solutions was also evaluated. Double-diffusion treatment was carried out to form the precipitates of metaborates in sapwood specimens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) at room temperature. Water-saturated wood specimens were first impregnated by a saturated borax solution and then diffuse-penetrated with Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, or Pb²⁺ solution. The precipitates of the three metaborates in the wood proved to be insoluble or hardly soluble in water by the leaching test. With the decay test using a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris) and a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and with the termite test using a virulent subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), the metaborate-treated woods showed generally good decay and termite resistance with negligible mass loss of the specimens. Particularly, the lead metaborate formed in the wood provided superb biological resistance against decay and termite attacks. In addition, the precipitates of these metaborates were found to be soluble in acidic solution, suggesting a way to remove these chemicals from wood when disposing of waste materials.     

Termite resistance and wood-penetrability of chemically modified tannin and tannin-copper complexes as wood preservatives

We examined the ability of chemically modified tannin and tannin-copper complexes to penetrate wood and the ability of the treated wood to resist termites. Only the tannin-treated wood retained the agents after treatment. Wood with untreated mimosa tannin (MT) retained the least amount, followed by wood with resorcinolated tannin (RMT) and that with catecholated tannin (CMT). When RMT or CMT was mixed with ammonia-copper, the wood retained twice as much of these solutions as the MT -ammonia-copper solution. The degree of retention of RMT-NH₃-Cu and CMT-NH₃-Cu ranged from 268 to 326kg/m³. The solutions penetrated 2–13 mm from the tangential sections of the logs. We also measured the termite resistance conferred by these solutions. Most of the tannin-NH₃-Cu solutions showed contact lethality for termites in the contact toxicity test. However, the termites were fed cellulose treated with those solutions and most survived the oral toxicity test (14 days). Moreover, these solutions reduced the amount of damage to the wood by termites. However, the mortality rate of the termites during the eating-damage test (>21 days) did not reach 100% for any of the solutions except for RMT. As a result of the field stake test with the same log's used for the penetrability test, the mass loss of wood treated with RMT or CMT alone or with RMT + NH₃ + CuCl₂, was about one-third to one-half that of the controls. Because these solutions have good wood penetrability and good termite resistance, they have potential use as low-toxicity wood preservatives.     

氟虫腈防治白蚁研究进展

介绍了采用氟虫腈室内及野外防治白蚁的效果,分析了影响氟虫腈防治白蚁效果的因素,包括氟虫腈在白蚁个体间的横向传递、温度及被粉剂处理的白蚁比例,其他药剂对氟虫腈的增效、氟虫腈在土壤中的扩散与降解,并阐述了氟虫腈及其代谢产物对环境的影响.     

“优选点”设堆诱杀土栖白蚁

对峡江种子园进行了多年的调查,结合白蚁的生活习性,采取“优选点”设堆方法进行诱杀土栖白蚁试验,结果表明：诱杀堆引诱率达100％。     

Biological resistance of Zn-Al metal-coated wood

Sapwood blocks of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and akamatsu (Pinus densiflora) were coated with Zn/Al (45%/55%) alloy metal at thicknesses of 20–30, 90–100, and 180–200m by an arc spray gun. They were served for choice and no-choice tests with a brown rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), a white rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), and a pest termite (Coptotermes formosanus). Coating thickness of 20–30m was enough to prevent attacks by both test fungi, whereas 90–100m thickness was needed for protection against termite attacks. Exfoliation of the coating layers was observed during the wet-dry process in the tests. The results suggested that Zn-Al alloy metal coating treatment was applicable as an alternative method for the protection of timbers from biological deterioration when combined with an additional treatment creating a vapor barrier.This research was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

Strength,decay and termite resistance of oriented kenaf fiberboards

The development of oriented fiberboards made from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and their suitability as a construction material has been investigated. Three different types of boards consisting of five layers with individual orientations were prepared using a combination of low molecular weight and high molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin for impregnation and adhesion purposes. Additional boards with the same structure were prepared using high molecular weight PF resin only. The mechanical properties of the boards have been examined as well as their resistance against fungal decay and termite attack. All kenaf fiberboards showed elevated mechanical properties compared with medium-density fiberboard made from wood fibers, and showed increased decay and termite resistance. Differences in the decay and termite resistance between the board types were caused by the presence of the low molecular weight PF resin for the impregnation of the fibers. No significant difference was found for the mechanical properties. The effect of the PF resin for impregnation was much clearer in fungal decay resistance than for termite resistance; however, fiber orientation had no effect on both decay and termite resistance of the specimens.     

十六种木材防腐剂野外抗蚁试验

十六种木材防腐剂经八年野外(埋桩)抗蚁试验,按处理材遭白蚁的蛀蚀程度,进行定期观察、分级评定,得出了不同浓度、不同配方的防腐剂野外抗蚁效果,其中CCA(B)防蚁效果最好,其次为OP-1和OP-2。5%CCA(B)处理材的六年完好值为100,八年完好值为90,适宜于野外(露天)木结构的防蚁处理。FCCA和BBP等水溶性防腐剂,因成本低,具一定的防蚁效果,宜在室内使用。     

杨梅园投放诱杀包防治白蚁研究

[目的]探索杨梅园白蚁防治技术。【方法】在江西省峡江县水边镇义桥杨梅园开展投放诱杀包劳治白蚁试验，通过选点设堆投放诱杀包进行防治试验。[结果]经调查，该杨梅园白蚁危害严重，危害株率达39．7％，白蚁对杨梅树生长影响很大。投放诱杀包进行防治后，5个试验区内白蚁危害率分别下降18．2％、21．5％、41．7％、26．5％、31．7％。[结论]投放诱杀包对白蚁防治效果明显。值得推广。