炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum Cda）分类学研究Ⅲ．产弯孢子种的描述

报道了河北省炭疽菌属（ＣｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍＣｄａ）产弯曲型孢子的７个种和１个变型，其中１新种，即唐松草炭疽菌Ｃ．ｔｈａｌｉｃｔｒｕｍＺｈａｎｇｅｔＷ．Ｐ．Ｗｕ；由异名恢复的种１个，即百合科炭疽菌Ｃ．ｌｉｌｉａｃｅａｒｕｍ（Ｗｅｓｔ．）Ｄｕｋｅ．编制了分种检索表；记述了各种的形态特征。     

新疆坐腹姬蜂属Enizemum六新种记述(膜翅目 姬蜂科 蚜蝇姬蜂亚科)

本文记述了坐腹姬蜂属Enizemum 6新种,即:白盾坐腹姬蜂E.albiscutellum sp.n.,具纹坐腹姬蜂E.striatum sp.n.,狭室坐腹姬蜂E.stenocellum sp.n.,黄缘坐腹姬蜂E.flavhnarginatum sp.n.,黑盾坐腹姬蜂E.nigriscutellum sp.n.,无室坐腹姬蜂E.incellum sp.n.,并给出了该属中国已知种检索表,附部分形态特征图。     

山西壳斗科(Fagaceae)分类与分布

本文对山西壳斗科进行了比较系统的分类研究,澄清了一些被误定的种类;同时,研究了所有13个种类的地理分布及其分布特点。在理论上和实践上搞清了山西的壳斗科植物资源,进而为其开发、利用、保护和发展奠定稳固的基础。     

烟草病毒研究现状与展望

简述了烟草病毒主要种类、最新分类地位、鉴定与检测技术、抗病毒基因工程等方面研究进展,并展望了烟草病毒病检测技术、抗病毒制剂研制与开发以及烟草抗病毒基因工程技术等方面研究发展趋势。指出应加强用于烟草病毒诊断与检测的试剂盒研究及开发。     

Ex situ collections of cultivated flax (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Linum usitatissimum</Emphasis> L.) and other species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Linum</Emphasis> L.

An overview of ex situ collections of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and 53 other species of the genus Linum L. is presented. The names of 33 genebanks in 23 countries preserving Linum germplasm and the species preserved at these places are provided. World genebanks engage in ex situ preservation of about 48,000 accessions of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum). However, possibly only 10,000 accessions of these are unique. Of the ca. 200 species of the genus Linum, other than L. usitatissimum, 53 are reported to be represented in the world’s ex situ collections with a total of about 900 accessions. Of these, 279 accessions alone refer to the wild progenitor of cultivated flax, Linum bienne Mill. However, L. bienne from the region of origin of cultivated flax is rarely represented in genebank collections. References to publications describing the techniques for ex situ conservation and the infraspecific variation of cultivated flax are made. It is suggested that taxonomic species delimitation within the genus Linum is in need of clarification and that the variation in Linum species for ornamental use or use in breeding is investigated.     

Representation of wild Lactuca spp. (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) in world genebank collections

The spread of the genus Lactuca worldwide includes 16 species in Europe, 51 in Asia, 43 in Africa and 12 in America (mostly North American subcontinent). Natural distributions of Lactuca spp. are compared with the representation of wild Lactuca spp. in world genebank collections as recently summarized in the International Lactuca database (ILDB). A total of 27 wild Lactuca species are reported in world genebank collections in the ILDB, however, due to incorrect taxonomic determination the real number of species is lower. The substantial part (92%) of the collections is represented only by three species (L. serriola, L. saligna, L. virosa) and from a geographic viewpoint they are mostly European in origin. The autochthonous species originating from other continents (Asia, Africa, America), which form c. 83% of known Lactuca spp. richness, are very poorly represented in collections (only c. 3%). The majority of accessions originate from Europe (59%) and Asia (37%), nevertheless the whole area of natural distribution is not well covered. An extremely low number of accessions is available from Africa and America (2% each). Thus, the global biodiversity of Lactuca spp. germplasm is represented very poorly and is biased in genebank collections. For future studies of taxonomy, phytogeography, ecology, phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity, inter- and intra-population structure, resistance research and practical breeding exploitation of wild Lactuca spp. germplasm, plant material from a wider ecogeographic distribution must be collected and introduced into genebank collections more intensively.     

The taxonomic status of the wild rice species Oryza ridleyi Hook. f. and O. longiglumis Jansen (Ser. Ridleyanae Sharma et Shastry) from Southeast Asia

The taxonomic status of the two species O. ridleyi and O. longiglumis in Oryza series Ridleyanae was resolved using morphological and molecular markers. Cluster analysis using a similarity matrix based on 12 qualitative characters separated the O. ridleyi from the O. longiglumis samples and the O. ridleyi samples from Papua New Guinea (PNG). O. ridleyi and O. longiglumis formed distinct groups upon cluster analysis based on 16 quantitative characters. Canonical discriminant analysis showed significant differences between the two species with anther and ligule length and spikelet and leaf dimensions as the most discriminating characters. Cluster analysis based on RAPD markers showed distinct clusters for O. longiglumis and O. ridleyi samples from different geographic origins. Hybridization studies revealed an F₁ sterility barrier in interspecific hybrids and those obtained from intraspecific crosses between O. ridleyi from Southeast Asia and PNG.     

Genetic relationships and variation in the tropical mimosoid legume Desmanthus assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA

A number of Desmanthus spp. are being evaluated for forage potential on clay soils in the tropics and subtropics and three cultivars have already been released in Australia. These accessions have been chosen from the large number of Desmanthus accessions collected from the Americas over the last 40 years. The utilization of this genetic resource is dependent on understanding the diversity within and between species. Hence 284 accessions, representing 11 species, were analysed using RAPD markers. There was considerable polymorphism in D. virgatus, D. leptophyllus and D. pernambucanus but this was not always uniform across the geographical range of these species. There was little polymorphism in D. pubescens. Few accessions of D. acuminatus, D. paspalaceus and D. tatuhyensis were represented in the collection, but these species, which have an almost sympatric distribution in Paraguay/Uruguay/Argentina/Brazil, showed affinities to D. leptophyllus and to each other. D. pernambucanus was the only species with representatives from regions other than the Americas, suggesting that this species in particular has the capacity to colonize new regions. The analysis indicated that the non-American D. pernambucanus germplasm probably originated from Brazil.     

Notes on neglected and underutilized crops Current taxonomical overview of cultivated plants in the families Umbelliferae and Labiatae

A comprehensive list is given of cultivated plants in the families Umbelliferae and Labiatae. Major uses are indicated for every species by commodity groups. Numerous neglected and underutilized crops interesting for breeding activities in the future are included in this overview as well as many lesser known possibilities of utilization.     

Patterns of rarity and taxonomic group size in plants

The objective of this research is to examine the extent to which phylogenetic and geographical drivers of rarity may interact to help us better predict distributions of rare taxa. This information is useful to conservation biologists when considering plans for the effective capture of biological diversity within reserve systems. We use 33 floras, distributed globally among five biomes, to assess pattern of rarity across taxonomic group size for plants. We show that small plant families (1-10 taxa) contain consistently fewer rare taxa than expected, while rare plants are proportionately over-represented in large plant families (>100 taxa). We also examine the distribution of species within families. The degree to which species are inequitably distributed among families varied systematically across floristic biomes. Mediterranean floras, in particular, are characterized by a greater than expected fraction of their species pool concentrated within large families, suggesting a high propensity for rarity simply by virtue of having a higher proportion of their constituent taxa within groups with a high likelihood of rarity. Finally, an analysis of a suite of floras using a common system of identifying rarity shows that the fraction of species within floras that are rare is predicted both by flora size and by a general metric (the Gini coefficient) of inequality among family sizes. Together, these patterns suggest a high degree of predictability in the distribution of rarity in plants that may reflect underlying natural speciation and extinction processes.