兰州市SO_2污染控制区优化规划方案的探讨

根据《大气法》第二十七条关于划定酸雨控制区和SO2 污染控制区的规定 ,为使兰州市SO2 控制区达到环境质量目标的要求 ,本文以 98年的污染源资料和气象资料为模拟对象 ,利用大气扩散模式 ,通过各个污染源对每个控制点浓度分担率的计算 ,以污染源的总削减两最小 (总排放量最大 )或总削减率最小为优化目标 ,列出了几种优化方案并利用线性规划的方法对各种结果进行了对比分析。为了使最终的优化结果切实可行 ,将点源的上界乘一经济技术指标值 ,既可以使控制区达到环境质量目标值 ,又充分体现了公平合理的原则。     

Trichoderma Biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and Survival in Strawberry

Trichoderma isolates are known for their ability to control plant pathogens. It has been shown that various isolates of Trichoderma, including T. harzianum isolate T-39 from the commercial biological control product TRICHODEX, were effective in controlling anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry, under controlled and greenhouse conditions. Three selected Trichoderma strains, namely T-39, T-161 and T-166, were evaluated in large-scale experiments using different timing application and dosage rates for reduction of strawberry anthracnose and grey mould. All possible combinations of single, double or triple mixtures of Trichoderma strains, applied at 0.4% and 0.8% concentrations, and at 7 or 10 day intervals, resulted in reduction of anthracnose severity; the higher concentration (0.8%) was superior in control whether used with single isolates or as a result of combined application of two isolates, each at 0.4%. Only a few treatments resulted in significant control of grey mould. Isolates T-39 applied at 0.4% at 2 day intervals, T-166 at 0.4%, or T-161 combined with T-39 at 0.4% were as effective as the chemical fungicide fenhexamide. The survival dynamics of populations of the Trichoderma isolates (T-39, T-105, T-161 and T-166) applied separately was determined by dilution plating and isolates in the mixtures calculated according to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using repeat motif primers. The biocontrol isolates were identified to the respective species T. harzianum (T-39), T. hamatum (T-105), T. atroviride (T-161) and T. longibrachiatum (T-166), according to internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis.     

荷斯坦奶牛隐性乳房炎与乳用特征的相关性分析

随机抽取荷斯坦奶牛 472头 (1～ 11胎 )进行奶牛隐性乳房炎的检测 ,乳用特征性状 (楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度 )的线性评定 ,以及隐性乳房炎与乳用特征的相关性分析。结果表明 :奶牛隐性乳房炎的乳区阳性率与楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度的相关系数分别为 0 1171、0 10 3 0、0 0 681、0 0 180、-0 12 65 ,其中与楞角性、尻宽分别达到显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )的正相关 ,与蹄角度达极显著 (P <0 0 1)的负相关。奶牛阳性率与楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度的相关系数分别为 0 0 967、0 0 5 61、0 0 2 82、0 0 12 7和 -0 0 670 ,其中除与楞角性为显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )的正相关 (0 0 967)外 ,其余均不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

民国时期西北地区苜蓿栽培利用刍考

自汉代苜蓿引入我国以来,受到历朝历代的重视,民国时期亦不例外,苜蓿种植利用也得到了发展。在收集近现代有关苜蓿研究文献的基础上,对民国时期西北地区苜蓿种植利用情形进行了梳理与归纳,结果表明,在民国时期西北地区乃为我国苜蓿种植集中区,在陕西、甘肃、新疆、绥远(西部)、宁夏和青海等都有种植,据不完全考查,种植苜蓿的县有52个,其中以陕西最多,达22个县,甘肃次之为14个县,新疆为8个县,绥远(西部)为3个县,宁夏2县(道)和青海1个县。特别是陕甘宁边区发展苜蓿的势头高涨,如1942年边区政府在延安、安塞、甘泉、志丹、定边、靖边等县种植苜蓿达3万亩,陇东种植苜蓿2.3万亩;1944年延川县紫花苜蓿保留面积2.0万亩,到1949年,陕西全省种植苜蓿约98.49万亩。1949年新疆苜蓿保留面积达29300 hm²。绥远河套地区还进行了苜蓿粮草轮作,并建立了苜蓿种植基地。为了鼓励苜蓿种植,边区政府出台了不少政策,例如,1941年边区政府公布了《陕甘宁边区政府建设厅关于种牧草的指示信》,1942年边区政府颁布了《陕甘宁边区卅一年推广苜蓿实施办法》等,李仪祉在治理黄河的方略中,从大农业、生态环境和经济效益出发,提倡广种苜蓿,肥田养畜,并提出了4条种植苜蓿的措施。李烛尘提出,苜蓿根入土深,且能耐旱,适宜西北地区种植和培植草原。苜蓿除用于饲喂家畜外,幼嫩时可当蔬菜食用,在灾荒年也是百姓很好的救荒食物,苜蓿作为农产品常出现在兰州的市场上,试验表明苜蓿保存水土流失的作用要大于作物。     

The complete mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken

ABSTRACT

1. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the mitochondrial genome and molecular phylogeny of Lueyang black-bone chicken, and provide molecule base to preserve and explore the specific chicken strain.

2. Based on sequencing and clustering, the complete mitochondrial DNA map and sequences of Lueyang black-bone chicken were revealed, and two phylogenetic trees of Lueyang black-bone chickens based on D-loop sequences and the mitochondrial genome were constructed.

3. The results showed that the complete mitochondrial genome of Lueyang black-bone chickens is 16,784bp in size, consisting of 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and one non-coding control region. The base composition of the complete mtDNA sequence is 30.28% for A, 23.78% for T, 32.42% for C, 13.52% for G. Additionally, 10 haplotypes of D-loop sequences in 32 Lueyang black-bone chickens were detected, which were distributed into 4 clades (A, B, C and E).

4. It was concluded that genetic diversity is wide in Lueyang black-bone chickens, and this strain has multiple maternal origins from different regions in China and neighbouring regions.     

城市草坪土壤呼吸冬季日动态特征研究

以福州市区的城市草坪为研究对象,采用Li-8100对其土壤呼吸速率进行3 d的连续观测,研究草坪土壤呼吸昼夜变化特征及其影响因子.结果表明:1)草坪土壤呼吸有明显的日变化特征;2)草坪土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化呈单峰曲线模式,雨天最大值出现在21:30,阴天最大值出现在11:30,晴天最大值出现在15:30;3)阴雨天气时土壤温度和含水量与土壤呼吸速率的双因素回归关系不显著,晴天时土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的回归性极显著(p＜0.01),土壤温度可以解释该日土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化的70.13%,土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率的线性关系仍不显著;土壤温度和含水量两个因素共同解释该日土壤呼吸昼夜变化的74.10%.     

武汉市居民城市森林游憩需求特征调查

对729位武汉市居民进行问卷调查,结果表明城市居民的森林游憩需求十分旺盛,在不同距离、不同类型的旅游地中更倾向于到城郊尤其是城区边缘区生态环境好的森林集中分布区域进行森林游憩活动;居民希望城市森林进行适度游憩开发,提供良好的旅游服务设施和体现森林生态特色的活动项目.     

构建我国自然保护区区域共管体系的思考——以太白山自然保护区为例

基于新保护区管理理念和太白山国家级自然保护区所面对威胁因素和利益相关方的分析,探析自然保护区区域共管体系的内涵.提出通过建立以区域生物多样性保护委员会为首,宗教共管委员会、社区共管委员会、生态旅游共管委员会为支撑的"区域共管体系"组织结构.为确保区域共管体系得以建立和有效运行,应建立引导、回馈、监督、互动、激励等保障机制.     

黑龙江省国有林区林业产业结构调整与优化研究

黑龙江省国有林区林业曾为我国经济与社会建设做出过突出贡献,尽管目前该区域已形成了较完整的林业产业体系,但林业产业结构的诸多弊端表现得愈发突出,致使林业产业效益低下.随着环境的变化,黑龙江省国有林区林业产业结构的调整与优化显得越来越必要和迫切.黑龙江省国有林区林业产业结构的调整与优化必须依据相关理论,根据林业产业发展的特点和规律,遵循相关的经济政策进行.同时根据产业结构调整优化的目标,形成科学合理的产业发展模式,并采取有效的措施,达到黑龙江省国有林区产业结构合理化和高度化的目的.     

城市夜间形象初探

从城市规划和建筑学的角度研究城市夜间形象;结合形态美学、行为心理学、环境心理学等学科进行研究,将安全感、视觉舒适性、视觉趣味、活动激发性以及可识别性作为夜间形象评价指标并分别进行具体地分析。