滴灌土壤水分运动研究进展

滴灌土壤水分运动的研究对于滴灌系统的合理设计有着重要的理论和现实意义。在国内外研究的基础上,概括了在滴灌条件下土壤水分运动规律及其影响因素、湿润体浸润形状、湿润锋的运移规律、点源入渗的几个经典模型及各自的优缺点等方面的研究现状。在此基础上,进一步探讨了滴灌土壤水分运动研究中还存在的问题,如滴灌点源交叉区域内的土壤水分变...     

辽宁省水稻肥料配方研究

2007—2009年连续对辽宁省水稻进行施肥配方多点校正试验。根据田间试验结果,分析配方施肥区水稻增产和增收情况,获得54个试验点水稻底肥配方和22个区域配方,以期为指导全省水稻测土配方施肥工作提供依据。     

Impact of land-use type and harvesting on population structure of a non-timber forest product-providing tree in a semi-arid savanna, West Africa

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) strongly contribute to livelihood security in the semi-arid tropics. Main factors determining the populations of NTFP-providing species are human activities. This study examined the impact of land-use, combined with rates and patterns of debarking and chopping on a NTFP-providing tree (Anogeissus leiocarpa) in Burkina Faso. We compared stands in a protected area (W National Park) with those of its surrounding communal area (fallows, croplands) in order to (i) obtain an indication on the status of the population, (ii) assess its harvesting tolerance, (iii) estimate the sustainability of present management, and (iv) derive which additional management strategies may foster its conservation. Our results reveal that the stands of A. leiocarpa are in healthy states in fallows and in the park. In croplands, the absence of saplings gives evidence of a declining population. Nearly all individuals of A. leiocarpa were harvested in croplands and fallows, while the number of harvested individuals in the park was negligible. Intensity of debarking and chopping was tree size-specific. The sprouting ability significantly increased with higher chopping intensity. We conclude that despite the land-use impact and the intense harvesting, stands of A. leiocarpa are still well preserved due to the species life history (fast growing and high sprouting) and due to indirect positive influences of human activities by providing better environmental conditions for its recruitment. Thus, the population of A. leiocarpa is not at risk to over-harvesting and land-use even though it is not protected.     

The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation

We synthesize findings to date from the world’s largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation, located in central Amazonia. Over the past 32 years, Amazonian forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100 ha have experienced a wide array of ecological changes. Edge effects have been a dominant driver of fragment dynamics, strongly affecting forest microclimate, tree mortality, carbon storage, fauna, and other aspects of fragment ecology. However, edge-effect intensity varies markedly in space and time, and is influenced by factors such as edge age, the number of nearby edges, and the adjoining matrix of modified vegetation surrounding fragments. In our study area, the matrix has changed markedly over the course of the study (evolving from large cattle pastures to mosaics of abandoned pasture and regrowth forest) and this in turn has strongly influenced fragment dynamics and faunal persistence. Rare weather events, especially windstorms and droughts, have further altered fragment ecology. In general, populations and communities of species in fragments are hyperdynamic relative to nearby intact forest. Some edge and fragment-isolation effects have declined with a partial recovery of secondary forests around fragments, but other changes, such as altered patterns of tree recruitment, are ongoing. Fragments are highly sensitive to external vicissitudes, and even small changes in local land-management practices may drive fragmented ecosystems in markedly different directions. The effects of fragmentation are likely to interact synergistically with other anthropogenic threats such as logging, hunting, and especially fire, creating an even greater peril for the Amazonian biota.     

农村经济综合数据分析系统研究与开发

以山西省为例,研究开发了区域农村经济数据分析系统,利用数据仓库、数据挖掘、模型分析、空间分析等技术,将海量农村经济数据有序组织起来,实现对研究区域农村经济相关信息进行从简单信息查询、定制分析、模型分析、专题分析、空间分析并及时发布等系统功能,提高农村经济研究效率,为政府快速、有效决策提供科学参考。     

2006-2010年河北理工大学索引论文分析

通过对2006-2010年河北理工大学收录论文的分析,可掌握学校的科研综合实力和科研工作中的不足,从而建立健全校内的学术评价制度。     

城市热岛效应的研究进展

随着世界性城市化、工业进程的加快,城市热岛效应越来越强烈,并极大地影响城市生态环境的安全和居民的日常生活,缓解城市热岛已是迫切需要解决的问题。综述了目前城市热岛的生态环境效应、热岛的形成机制、时空分布特征、研究方法的模型和治理与对策等研究的最新进展动态。在总结当前研究的基础上,探讨了城市热岛未来的研究重点和方向。     

浮式拱围堰技术的试验研究

对吉林省松月水库大坝修补设计施工中采用浮式拱围堰技术进行了试验研究。认为该技术为大坝上游面水下防渗处理创造了"干作业"环境施工条件。     

天津市农科院“十一五”科研项目回顾与展望

文章介绍了天津市农业科学院"十一五"期间在国家级、市级支撑类项目、基础类研究项目和转化推广类项目中取得的成绩,指出了在各类别科研项目发展、学科建设等方面存在的问题,并对未来科研立项提出了加大对基础研究类项目的投入力度、争取在重点重大项目的数量和质量上有所突破、提高主持国家级项目的能力和促进科研成果的及时高效转化等建议,以期为天津市农科院在"十二五"期间争取农业科研项目提供借鉴。     

吉林省农业信息化建设问题及对策

本文通过对吉林省农业信息化建设过程中存在的问题进行分析研究,提出了吉林省加快发展农业信息化的对策建议。