邯郸市农业现状研究

从多个角度对邯郸市农业现状进行了研究分析.认为邯郸市农业总体可持续发展水平有所加强,但也存在一些问题.根据实际情况,提出一些合理化建议.     

黄土高原水土保持对农业持续发展的作用

通过大量事实分析了水土流失的危害及水土保持对农业可持续发展的作用,充分说明了水土保持是黄土高原农业走持续发展道路的可靠保证,也是改善生态环境和生产条件并防止山区水旱灾害,促进群众脱贫致富的根本途径。     

湖北农业可持续发展的途径

农业是湖北的优势产业,对长江沿岸经济发展与支撑能力建设起着至关重要的作用。湖北只有实现农业可持续发展,才有可能实现整个社会经济的可持续发展。湖北农业可持续发展面临的问题主要有：人口增长,耕地锐减,人地关系矛盾加剧;中低产田面积大,水土流失严重,农业生态系统抗灾性差;农业自然资源不合理开发利用现象比较普遍;农业环境污染日趋严重。为了解决上述问题,实现农业可持续发展,必须认真做到：因地制宜地大力推广各种生态农业优化模式;对全省各个农业区农业内部结构、生产布局进行合理调整;通过“种养加”相结合、“产供销”一条龙、“农工贸”一体化,构建生态工程,全面推进农业产业化;坚定不移地贯彻执行计划生育和环境保护两项基本国策,当前特别要注意控制农村环境污染及抓好灾后重建工作;要开展农业系统工程的研究,为各个农业区设计良性循环的系统模型,并在此基础上研究全省农业可持续发展的优化模式。     

我国“清洁能源计划”浅析

我国可持续发展战略的关键是提高能源效率和能源部门产出。简述了我国能源利用与美国等发达国家能源利用存在的差距,结合我国目前能源投资战略的要点,阐明了我国制定“清洁能源计划”的紧迫性及其重要性。     

国外图书馆先进经验与我国图书馆服务的可持续性发展

分析了国外图书馆在服务领域内的各种先进经验，针对我国图书馆服务工作的现状，提出了深化与可持续性发展的各项措施：开展我国图书馆工作中的特殊群体服务；实现图书馆联网，开展馆际互借；开展各种特色服务，拓展服务范围；咨询人员专业化，全面开展咨询工作,尤其是数字参考咨询服务，提升我国图书馆的咨询服务水平。

     

“退耕还林(草)”工程可持续发展研究

要保证“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展,必须做到:树立全局观念,明确战略目标;建立科学的决策机制和完善的市场调节机制,因地制宜地引导农民发展后续产业;在全社会建立循环经济发展模式,促进“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展;实施生态经济管理,实现生态目标和经济目标的“双赢;”运用系统管理思想,再造组织流程,整合资源,形成强势合力;加大科研开发投入,提高“退耕还林(草)”工程效率,增强后续产业的市场竞争力。     

山区县域生态承载力与生态安全探讨

在生态安全评价中,生态足迹模型已广泛被采用,但这些研究多是静态评价,应用生态足迹方法定量计算赞皇县1975~2002年的生态安全度,从时间序列、生态足迹构成和生态压力状况3个方面进行分析,研究表明:时间序列上,生态安全呈下降趋势,已出现生态赤字;生态足迹构成上,各土地类型供需结构不平衡,土地利用结构不尽合理;生态压力状况上,28年间压力指数增幅为1.66,且随时间呈增大趋势。并针对生态安全状况,提出相应对策。     

Trends in natural resource use and prospects for sustainable resource management in Kenya's Arid and Semiarid Lands

This paper describes the environmental problems facing the development of Kenya's Arid and Semiarid lands (ASAL) today. The problems arise because of a rapidly declining resource base in the ASAL as a result of overexploitation and misuse, following basic land use conflicts. The extent of the overutilization or resource damage is not well known and varies a great deal from one agroecological zone to another and from resource to resource in the ASAL; those most affected include: soil, water, range, forest, livestock and wildlife. As a result of increased population growth in the ASAL, these resources are under stress. This paper argues that many of the environmental problems in the ASAL cannot be solved if the development programme does not address the needs of the people who live in the ASAL. There is a need to shift the objective of ASAL development from a preoccupation with economic growth and the idea that the ASAL should make a contribution to GNP through interregional trade and export to sustainable development that enables the communities in the ASAL to support themselves at as good a standard of living as possible. The last part of this paper outlines a strategy to promote such sustainable development.     

Breaching the black box: The role of ramps in Thai sustainable palm oil certification

Certification of sustainable palm oil as organised through the Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil is based on a simplified understanding of the global palm oil value chain – according to which instructions about production practices can be directly translated from the palm oil mill to the primary producer. The reality of palm oil provision is much more complex than this as is shown in the case of Thailand. On the basis of qualitative field study in Southern Thailand this paper clarifies that intermediary stages, such as the collection of oil palm fruit bunches at the ramp, play a key role in the organisation of the chain. The fluidity and complexity of the palm oil flow at the local level complicates the promotion of sustainability through certification. Global and national stakeholders, such as processing and trading firms, non‐governmental organisations and national governments, should therefore open this black box of local dynamics to more effectively contribute to sustainability in palm oil supply.     

北京都市水源涵养林建设与植被承载力问题探讨

生态环境防护已成为北京都市水源涵养林系统的主要功能。然而,随着大规模林业工程的实施,都市水源涵养林建设和城市生活用水的矛盾日益突出。人们首先担心不当的造林和森林经营会导致水资源减少,如流域产水量降低,水库水容量减少,从而限制区域发展;其次,天然雨水资源所能支撑的植被承载力有限致使新建森林植被随着生长出现稳定性下降、健康退化和生态服务功能降低。基于此,从有利于区域可持续发展和林业可持续发展的角度出发,分析了北京都市水源涵养林建设的必要性和亟待解决的问题,认为在水源涵养林建设的可持续发展中需要综合考虑水资源管理的问题,加强植被承载力的研究。