铜仁市农业生态环境的脆弱性及可持续发展

铜仁市地处喀斯特地貌山区,农业生态环境极为脆弱,给农业可持续发展带来很多不利影响。铜仁市农业生态环境脆弱性是喀斯特自然作用和人为活动作用的结果,据此阐述其环境整治和农业可持续发展的途径及相应的发展模式。     

浅析实现云南山地民族社区可持续发展的民族精神

通过对云南省文山州西畴县的实地调查研究,并结合可持续发展的有关理论分析,揭示了＂西畴精神＂是使西畴县1990～2000年快速持续发展的根本原因,民族精神在实现社会可持续发展中具有重要作用。     

Dirt in our mouths and hunger in our bellies: Metaphor, theory-making, and systems approaches to sustainable agriculture

The metaphor of the food system,dominant in current research approaches to sustainableagriculture, mirrors the productionist paradigm, whichreduces our relationship to land and food to theproduction and consumption of commodities. Theenactment of the familiar values of nourishment andhospitality is what the goal of sustainableagriculture would amount to in terms of our day to daylived experience. The metaphor of an earthen bowl asa theory of food and agriculture can embody thesevalues such that broader change might be achievedthrough embracing the idea and practice of theories asnourishing and theorizing as hospitable.     

中国海岸带研究II——海岸带生态环境问题及其解决途径

海岸带生态环境问题是目前海洋环境科学研究的热点问题之一。从近海富营养化、石油污染、生物资源破坏、生活垃圾和固体废弃物污染以及海水入侵等方面概括总结了我国海岸带的主要生态环境问题并给出了海岸带生态修复的方法和海岸带可持续发展对策。同时指出,可持续发展是解决我国海岸带生态环境问题的必由之路,加快制定并完善一整套海岸带可持续发展对策是今后努力的重要方向。     

东南丘陵区旱地耕作制度的类型、模式及关键技术

东南丘陵区旱地耕作制度主要包括多熟种植、轮作换茬和复地连作等三大类型,每一类型含有多种种植模式。为实现旱地耕作制度的高产、稳产和持续增产,东南丘陵区在发展旱地农业时主要采取了以下9项配套关键技术：（1）坡改梯田建设与综合治理技术;（2）集径流蓄水与节水灌溉技术;（3）培肥土壤与以肥调水技术;（4）深耕细作与保护性耕作技术;（5）抗耐旱作物与品种的选用及配套技术;（6）秸秆覆盖与地膜栽培技术;（7）丰产沟与丰产坑耕作技术;（8）旱地错季适应栽培技术;（9）化学制剂在旱作农业中的应用技术。     

浦城县竹山可持续利用研究

竹林是浦城县的一大资源优势。然而由于不合理利用,导致全县竹林整体质量不高,竹山水土流失严重。因此,应通过加强领导,抓好各项工作的落实;夯实资源培育基础,全面提高竹林经营管理水平;开展竹山生态修复,让资源永续利用;完善竹山经营责任制,搞活竹山经营权流转机制;加大产品开发力度,树立品牌意识,提高市场占有率和制定有关优惠政策和措施,扶持重点产业建设等措施,使竹林生态系统得以稳固,以实现浦城县竹山的可持续利用。     

基于生态足迹分析法的秦皇岛市发展可持续性评价

从基本概念,国内外研究成果,前提假设,计算过程等方面对生态足迹分析进行了介绍,针对秦皇岛市2002年各方面对于资源和能源的消费情况,用生态足迹分析法对其进行了可持续性的评价.结果表明,秦皇岛市2002年全社会的发展形势是不可持续的.并针对问题,总结出了兼顾生态足迹分析法和秦皇岛市自身发展的几条建议.     

城市国家森林公园的文化冲突与生态文化经营对策——以南京紫金山为例

以紫金山国家森林公园为研究对象,以历史演变为线索,从陵墓文化、生态文化、农业文化、休闲文化及城市文化等诸种文化的矛盾与冲突的角度,分析国家森林公园生态环境问题产生的深层次根源,并制定具体经营对策,以期探索国家森林公园的可持续经营之路。       

Adoption of improved fallow technology for soil fertility management in Zambia: Empirical studies and emerging issues

In the subsistence-agricultural region of eastern Zambia, less than 10% of the households have adequate supply of maize (Zea mays L.), the staple food, throughout the year. A major constraint to increasing crop production in the region is poor fertility status of the soil. In order to address this problem, improved fallow has been introduced as a technology for improving soil fertility within a short span of two to three years. Farmers have been testing the technology and a number of empirical studies have been undertaken over the years to identify the factors influencing farmers' decision to adopt the technology. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of adoption studies and highlights generic issues on the adoption of improved fallows in Zambia. The synthesis indicates that farmers' decision on technology adoption does not have a simple directed relationship of some technological characteristics only, but constitutes a matrix of factors including household characteristics, community level factors, socioeconomic constraints and incentives that farmers face, access to information, local institutional arrangements and macro policies on agriculture. The adoption of improved fallows is not strictly speaking a binary choice problem but a continuous process in which farmers occupy a position along a continuum in the adoption path. Further, adoption of improved fallows may not take place in a policy vacuum but needs to be facilitated by appropriate and conducive policy and institutional incentives. Several questions and issues that require further study emerge from the synthesis. These include determination of the relative importance of the factors in the adoption matrix, identification of the conditions under which farmers use a combination of inputs and their profitability under changing price scenarios, exact definition to delineate between `non-adopters', `testers' and `adopters' of agroforestry technologies, and understanding the impact of cash crop farming in farmers' adoption decisions of improved fallows (where off farm opportunities exist). Further, there is a need to determine the inter-relationship between household poverty, labor availability and the adoption of improved fallows and, to evaluate a combination of policy interventions at both national and local level to promote the adoption of agroforestry-based soil fertility management. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

入世条件下林业可持续发展问题的探讨

世界贸易组织(简称WTO)，作为处理世界自由贸易机制的国际组织，允许为可持续发展和保护自由贸易和环境选择利用世界自然资源。中国作为世界贸易组织成员国，签定入世议定书，入世后中国在林业的可持续发展方面受到世界贸易组织的条约和原则的制约和挑战。中国的林业资源应当作为基础资源加以保护，政府的行政管理职能在世界贸易组织的原则下加以改革。因此，中国林业的可持续发展的目．标是优先处理环境保护和经济发展的关系。在入世条件下，按照世界惯例，中国林业资源可持续发展问题瞄准中国林业体制改革，以便适用中国天然林业战略，依靠科技进步依法保护中国环境，特别是在中国林业保护和处理环境和自然资源等关系方面。依据世界贸易组织的协议和规则，建立林业的生态化体系，尤其是GATT20条的规定，保护中国林业可持续发展，为中国林业创建国际环境。表1参21。