Strain difference of susceptibility to caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice

AIM: To study the difference of susceptibility to caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) among the mice of C57BL/6J, BALB/c and ICR strains.METHODS: Two-month-old female mice of C57BL/6J, BALB/c and ICR strains (12 mice for each strain) were divided into control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=6), respectively. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with caerulein (50 μg/ kg) in 1 h interval for 7 serial injections in total. The mice in control group were treated with saline according to the same procedure in experimental group. The blood samples were collected at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 24 h after the first injection of caerulein or saline for plasma α-amylase and lipase assays. The mice were sacrificed 24 h after AP induction, and the pancreatic tissues were harvested for further investigating the pathological changes and expression of inflammatory factors.RESULTS: After AP induction, the mice of BALB/c and ICR strains demonstrated more dramatic increase in plasma α-amylase activity and lipase activity than those of C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J mice showed milder morphological changes and lower expression of inflammatory factors in pancreata than those of BALB/c and ICR mice.CONCLUSION: The mice of C57BL/6J strain have less susceptibility to caerulein-induced AP than that of BALB/c and ICR mice.     

烟叶成熟衰老程度与对赤星病感病性的关系

 5个栽培品种的盆栽植株,于13片真叶展开时人工接种,比较各叶位叶片的感病性。结果表明:烟叶自下而上逐渐成熟衰老,随着叶色由绿转黄,叶绿素含量依次递减,其汁液可溶性糖及浸出液还原糖含量递增,感病性相应地提高。以叶色为指标,绿色叶片对病害免疫;轻微转黄的绿叶,高度抗病,只能形成褐色小点,而不能产生分生孢子,也不能再扩展;中度转黄的绿叶上形成0.2cm以下的小斑,也不产生孢子,多数不能再扩展;黄色叶片为高感型,能形成0.5cm以上的典型病斑,并产生大量孢子。以1%葡萄糖液为介质,孢子萌发率以接种烟株的病情指数高于1%蔗糖液。以黄叶液为孢子液介质,其发芽率及接种发病率均高于黄绿叶及绿叶汁液。这说明烟叶成熟衰老程度与感病性高度相关。     

鉴定桃砧木对根癌病敏感性的叶圆片转化系统的建立

以山桃、毛桃、Ｍｉｓｓｏｕｒｉ和烟草为试材，以Ｔ２、２Ｐ和ＮＣＰＰＢ１６５１三个根癌农杆菌菌系为病原，在离体条件下，研究建立了用叶圆片转化鉴定桃砧木对根癌病敏感性的方法，探讨了光照和病原菌浓度对接种结果的影响。该系统可以在短时间内对桃砧木的感病性进行评价，筛选抗性种质，并可鉴定病原菌的致病力。     

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Equine Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Isolates (1996–2012)

Background

Few studies report the minimum inhibitory concentrations for antimicrobials against equine Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate trends in the in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobials against equine Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from 1996 to 2012 and to determine if a relationship exists between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and location of the abscess.

Animals

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from 196 horses with naturally occurring disease.

Methods

Retrospective and cross‐sectional design. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical and MIC data. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the microdilution technique. The MIC results over 3 periods were compared (1996–2001, 2002–2006, 2007–2012).

Results

The MIC₉₀ values for clinically relevant antimicrobials were as follows: chloramphenicol ≤4 μg/mL, enrofloxacin ≤0.25 μg/mL, gentamicin ≤1 μg/mL, penicillin =0.25 μg/mL, rifampin ≤1 μg/mL, tetracycline ≤2 μg/mL, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS) ≤0.5 μg/mL, ceftiofur =2 μg/mL, and doxycycline ≤2 μg/mL. There were no significant changes in MIC results over the study period. There was no relationship between MIC patterns and abscess location.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The MIC ₅₀ and MIC ₉₀ values of antimicrobials evaluated in this study for equine isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis did not vary over time. Abscess location was not associated with different MIC patterns in cultured isolates. Several commonly used antimicrobials are active in vitro against C. pseudotuberculosis in vitro.     

A GIS-based susceptibility indexing method for irrigation and drinking water management planning: Application to Chebba-Mellouleche Aquifer, Tunisia

Locating high quality groundwater resources in semi-arid regions with growing population and agricultural development is an expensive undertaking. Simple susceptibility indexing method, based on vulnerability and quality index, can be used to facilitate this application. The GIS technique provides an efficient environment to reach this objective. The contamination susceptibility index was calculated by taking the product of the vulnerability index (VI) and the quality index (QI). The VI index was calculated using DRASTIC method to evaluate the hydrogeological characteristics of the Aquifer. The quality index calculation procedure, based on the water classification, was introduced to evaluate hydrochemical data. The susceptibility indexing method was applied in the Chebba-Mellouleche Aquifer, located in Eastern Tunisia. The results show a clear degradation of the water quality throughout the Aquifer. In addition, the susceptibility indexing map which incorporates hydrogeological and hydrochemical datasets reveals a similarity with areas of high anthropogenic activities. Thus, it is more realistic to estimate the groundwater contamination. The main aim of this study is to give an overview of the drinking and irrigation water quality in relation to the hydrogeological characteristics of the Chebba-Mellouleche Aquifer. This overview can form the basis for further investigations.     

复杂疾病遗传基础及易感基因研究的发展趋势

复杂疾病如高血压、2型糖尿病以及恶性肿瘤等严重影响着人们的生活质量,并制约着社会经济的发展。因此,目前有关复杂疾病的项目攻关已成为学术研究的重点。以单核苷酸多态性以及拷贝数变异为基础的全基因组关联研究方法已日趋成熟。高通量测序技术的发展以及其成本的逐渐降低为更高精度的易感基因定位提供契机。本文总结了复杂疾病的遗传基础以及发病基础理论的研究现状,并对已经成熟的以及未来可预见的复杂疾病易感基因的定位及研究方法加以阐述和展望。     

山楂叶螨对常用杀螨剂的敏感性研究

采用玻片浸渍法 ,测定了山楂叶螨雌成螨对常用杀螨剂的敏感性。结果表明 ,雌成螨对供试杀螨剂的敏感性依次为齐螨素 >三唑锡 >甲氰菊酯 >三氯杀螨醇 >哒螨灵 >毒死蜱 >双甲脒 >苯丁锡 >水胺硫磷 >四螨嗪。与国内报道的敏感基线比较 ,晋中山楂叶螨种群对水胺硫磷、甲氰菊酯和三氯杀螨醇表现为中等抗药性 ,对双甲脒产生了低水平抗药性 ,而对毒死蜱和苯丁锡仍很敏感。在此基础上提出了山楂叶螨抗药性综合治理的措施。     

抗、感稻瘟病品种的过氧化物酶同功酶分析

用一些对稻瘟病表现抗病和感病的不同品种和近等基因系,进行了过氧化物酶同工酶电泳分析。共检测到12～13条过氧化物酶酶带,在接种和不接种稻瘟病菌的情况下,水稻过氧化物同工酶谱无明显差异,但可发现抗病品种（系）要比感病品种（系）多一条或两条弱的酶带,且个别酶带的活性也较高。表明过氧化物酶与抗病性有关,可以作为鉴定品种抗瘟性的一种生化指标。     

Susceptibility testing of tulathromycin: interpretative breakpoints and susceptibility of field isolates

In vitro susceptibility tests were conducted on bovine and porcine respiratory pathogens isolated from European countries during 2004–2006 for susceptibility to tulathromycin using the recommended methodologies for broth microdilution. The results were compared with data from a similar survey conducted prior to launch in 1998–2001 to monitor for any shift in susceptibility. The importance of maintaining the pH of the culture media within the range 7.2–7.4 was re-affirmed as a key factor in obtaining consistent minimum inhibitory concentration data. The use of recently established interpretative breakpoints would indicate that to date there has been no apparent decrease in susceptibility to tulathromycin since it became widely used across Europe.     

电子束辐照防治不同品系米象成虫及对大米蒸煮品质的影响

针对储粮害虫的磷化氢抗性问题,采用电子加速器对磷化氢抗性品系和敏感品系米象成虫及大米进行辐照处理,研究了0~1000Gy的电子束辐照对两品系米象的致死效应,分析了二者对辐照的敏感性,并研究了0~5000Gy剂量辐照下大米的蒸煮品质。结果表明,电子束处理对两品系米象的致死规律大致相同,二者对电子束的敏感性存在差异,但差异不显著。电子束辐照对大米的蒸煮品质影响显著,随辐照剂量的升高,大米的胶稠度升高,吸水率、膨胀率和感官评分降低,5000Gy时蒸煮米饭出现明显的褐变。因此,100Gy~3000Gy的剂量可以作为电子束辐照防治不同品系米象的适宜剂量。