加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪物理性质和微观结构的影响

加工参数是影响涂抹型再制干酪物性和微观结构的重要因素.通过测定样品的质构性质、融化性、表观黏度和结合微观结构观察,确定加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪的影响.结果表明:剪切速率、加工温度和时间对样品质构指标和融化距离影响显著(P<0.05),剪切速率由800 r/min升高到1400 r/min的过程中,硬度、涂抹功和黏着性没...     

中药复方制剂“促免增重颗粒”对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨中药复方制剂促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响。选择6-12月龄云岭黑山羊40只,按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,促免增重颗粒组、四君子散组、强壮散组分别在精料中添加促免增重颗粒、四君子散和强壮散,预饲期为7 d,正试期为60 d。在正试期第0、30和60天采样,检测血液学和血液生化指标。结果显示,促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标有一定影响,表明促免增重颗粒有提高免疫功能的作用。     

高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标的影响.360只1日龄艾维菌肉鸡随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 10.89 mg·kg~(-1))和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg·kg~(-1)高铜Ⅱ组;Cu400 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅳ组,Cu 800 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅴ组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏出现不同程度的病理损害,肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性、空泡变性;超微结构观察,肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂,甚至溶解消失呈空泡状.同时,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏及血清铜含量显著升高(P<0.01),肾脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量和羟自由基(·OH)含量显著升高(P<0.01).结果表明,日粮铜含量400 mg·kg~(-1)及其以上可引起雏鸡肾脏组织的病理损伤以及肾脏抗氧化功能的降低,导致肾脏功能降低.     

平作区棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

针对新疆平作区残膜回收作业过程中秸秆粉碎合格率低、残膜回收率低的问题,设计了一种秸秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机。对甩刀秸秆粉碎过程进行受力分析,确定了刀轴最佳转速为2 000 r·min-1。对起膜铲起膜机理和残膜捡拾过程进行分析,确定了导曲面参数方程和残膜捡拾装置主要工作参数。以机具作业速度v、起膜铲入土倾角α和残膜输送链转速n为影响因素,以秸秆粉碎合格率Y1和残膜回收率Y2为评价指标进行田间试验。结果表明:当起膜铲入土角为30°,机具前进速度为5.5 km·h-1,残膜输送链转速为120 r·min-1时,秸秆粉碎合格率为91.5%,残膜回收率为85.7%,整机运行状态良好,满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。     

南方稻区迟熟中籼品种主要经济性状遗传参数估计

应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。     

Photochromic fabrics with improved durability and photochromic performance

Previously, we have reported a method for producing photochromic wool fabric by applying a thin layer of hybrid silica-photochromic dye onto the wool surface. While the photochromic coating showed a very fast optical response and had little influence on the fabric handle, its durability was poor. In this study, the durability of the photochromic coating layer was improved by introducing epoxy groups into the silica matrix via co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of an alkyl trialkoxysilane compound (ATAS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). The presence of epoxy groups in the silica enhanced both washing and abrasion durability or fastness. In addition, the optical response speed was slightly increased as well. Effects of the type of alkyl silane and the GPTMS/alkyl silane ratio on the coating durability, fabric handle and optical response were examined.     

长期施肥红壤钾有效性研究

目的探讨不同钾肥水平对盆栽现蕾期海法白三叶(Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa)光合特性、生物量及根系形态的影响。方法设置0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm² (以K₂SO₄计算) 6个施钾水平处理的盆栽试验,测定海法白三叶植株的光合参数及根系形态指标。结果(1)施钾60 kg/hm²可显著提高植株叶片的叶绿素含量(P< 0.05),比对照增加11.56%;施钾肥120 kg/hm²可显著提高植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率(P< 0.05),分别比对照增加29.04%、45.03%和77.17%,且可有效降低植株叶片的胞间CO₂浓度(P< 0.05),比对照减少2.24%。(2)施钾120 kg/hm²可明显提高植株的根干重、地上部干重和根冠比(P< 0.05),分别比对照增加25.55%、17.31%和7.25%。(3)施钾60 kg/hm²可显著提高植株的总根长及根系活力(P< 0.05),分别比对照增加13.10%和29.82%;施钾120 kg/hm²可明显提高植株的总根表面积、总根体积和根系可溶性糖含量(P< 0.05),分别比对照增加33.10%、20.00%和31.00%,但施钾对白三叶根系平均直径的影响不显著(P>0.05)。结论在中钾酸性土壤中,种植海法白三叶推荐施钾量为60~120 kg/hm²。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对育成期母貂生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响

本文旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平对育成期母貂生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清中与氮代谢相关的生化指标的影响。选择健康（５０±３）日龄断奶的雌性水貂 ６０只,平均体重为（０．５７７±０．０７３）ｋｇ,随机分成 ６组,每组 １０个重复,每个重复 １只,单笼饲养。６组水貂分别饲喂蛋白质水平为 ２８％、３０％、３２％、３４％、３６％、３８％的试验饲粮。在水貂 ６５、８０、９５、１１０日龄时各进行 １次消化代谢试验,分析各日龄水貂的蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率、氮沉积、蛋白质生物学价值、饲料转化率及体增重等指标。结果表明：５０～６５日龄,３８％蛋白质组体增重极显著高于２８％和 ３２％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,３８％蛋白质组饲料转化率极显著优于 ２８％和 ３２％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;５０～１１０日龄,３２％和 ３４％蛋白质组体增重显著高于 ２８％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。９５日龄时,３２％、３４％和 ３８％蛋白质组的蛋白质消化率极显著高于 ２８％和 ３０％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１１０日龄时,３４％蛋白质组蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率极显著低于其他试验组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１１０日龄时,３８％蛋白质组尿素氮含量极显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;３４％和３６％蛋白质组总氨基酸含量显著高于 ２８％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。综合试验中的测定指标,建议５０～６５日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３６％ ～３８％;６６～８０日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３４％ ～３６％;８１～１１０日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３２％ ～３４％。     

Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices,immunological responses,ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein

This study was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, serum biochemical parameters, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed on diets with different levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 180 laying hens were subjected into nine dietary treatments with four cages of five birds each. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels of CP (85.0, 92.5 and 100% of Hy‐Line W36 manual recommendation) and three levels of sanguinarine (0.00, 3.75 and 7.50 mg/kg) as a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of laying hens which fed during a 70‐day feeding trial. The in vitro study showed that sanguinarine exhibited sevenfold and threefold decreased antioxidant activities to inhibit 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picric hydrazyl free radical as well as ferric ion reducing rather than butylated hydroxyl toluene. Although using the decremental levels of CP caused the increase in heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.01), dietary administration of sanguinarine could suppress the serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Additionally, decreasing CP content resulted in the decreased percentage of albumin (p < 0.05); however, it had no negative effects on humoral immunity. Nonetheless, feeding of at least 3.75 mg/kg sanguinarine led to the remarkable increases in serum gamma globulin concentration (p < 0.01) and secondary (p < 0.05) antibody titres against sheep red blood cells. Moreover, a decline in dietary CP content led to higher villi height and crypt depth (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) and consequently decreased villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (p < 0.001) than the optimum level (100% CP). In spite of the effects of sanguinarine on the suppression of Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts (p < 0.05), it markedly enhanced villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio as well as lamina propria lymphatic follicles extent, simultaneously (p < 0.001). Therefore, in spite of the detrimental effects of feeding low‐CP diets on lymphocytes and serum albumin percentages, and villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio, the administration of incremental levels of sanguinarine could improve cellular and humoral immunity, decrease ileal microbial counts and in turn improve the intestinal health indices in laying hens.     

培养条件对白灵侧耳菌丝生长的影响

通过单因子试验和正交试验,研究了碳源、氮源、温度和酸碱度对白灵侧耳菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,实验范围内玉米粉为最佳碳源,蛋白胨为最适氮源,菌丝生长的最适温度为28℃,最适pH值为6.5～7.5。正交试验表明,白灵侧耳菌丝生长的最佳营养因素组合为:2%玉米粉、0.5%蛋白胨、0.3%磷酸二氢钾和0.1%硫酸镁。