不同营养水平补饲对湘东黑山羊肥育羔羊生产性能的影响

采用80只3~4月龄的湘东黑山羊羔羊,研究3种不同营养水平补饲对肥育羔羊日增重、经济效益的影响。分别在冬、春两个季节进行为期2个月的补饲。试验按完全随机单因子设计,每个季节设4个处理,即3个精料补饲组与1个对照组,每个处理10头湘东黑山羊。参考NRC(1981)的山羊饲养标准设计补充饲料配方,每个季节的3个补饲试验组饲粮的精粗比分别按30∶70、40∶60、50∶50确定,平均补饲量依次按100、200、300g/(d.只)。结果表明冬季补饲试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别为62.75、80.00和85.92g,分别比对照组提高42.06%、81.12%、94.52%,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。春季补饲试验1、2、3组平均日增重分别为85.33、93.50和100.83g,分别比对照组提高38.00%、51.22%、63.08%,差异均为极显著(P<0.01)。从季节对补饲效果来看,冬季的高精料补饲与低精料补饲(精粗比=30∶70)差异显著;春季的精料补饲量对增重影响不大。冬季补饲以精粗料比40∶60为好,春季以30∶70为好。冬季补饲使试验1、2、3组比对照组增加利润分别为5.14、9.23、4.49元/只;春季补饲使试验1、2、3组比对照组增加利润分别为8.97、5.98、2.35元/只。经济效益比较好的补饲量是,冬季187.5g/d,春季154.1g/d。     

维多利亚紫花苜蓿在贵阳不同海拔地区的产量与营养成分含量研究

试验在贵阳市的4个不同海拔地区（950、1120、1210、1350m）设点,对维多利亚紫花苜蓿的生长、产量、营养成分进行了测定。结果表明：维多利亚紫花苜蓿秋季种植后141d可以第一次刈割,平均产量为1307．32kg。其生长速度与海拔高度呈负相关,海拔高度每升高100m,株高达到50cm的时间推迟5天,667m^2产量降低50kg。第一次刈割后66d株高达到50cm,平均产量为2304．5k。第二茬生长速度与海拔高度呈负相关,海拔高度每升高100m,株高达50cm的时间推迟4天,产量降低30kg左右。第三茬株高达到50cm的时间平均为74．5d,平均产量为2588．0kg,海拔高度每升高100m,植高达到50cm的时间推迟3天,产量变化不明显。在贵阳地区当年种植可以刈割3茬,利用时间282d,平均每茬产草量平均为2066．6kg／667m^2,年总产草量6199．8kg／667m^2;鲜草含水量平均为70．9％,干物质含量平均为29．1％,干物质中平均含CP26．3％、EE5．2％、CF25．9％、Ash9．6％、NFE33．0％、NDF36．1％、ADF32．6％、Ca1．7％、P0．8％、GE18．4MJ／k。     

日粮能量水平对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响

为了探讨冷季能量补饲对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响。本研究选取30头((269.75±35.46) kg)2岁大通公牦牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,分别饲喂低、中、高3个综合净能水平(5.51 MJ·kg^-1,6.22 MJ·kg^-1,6.94 MJ·kg^-1)日粮,经15 d预饲期和90 d正试期后屠宰,测定牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵参数瘤胃微生物区系。结果表明：高能量组牦牛试验末重、干物质采食量、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05),瘤胃异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛肉色L^*值显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛瘤胃细菌Chao1和ACE指数显著低于中、低能量组,普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度显著高于中、低能量组,理研菌科RC9菌属相对丰度显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05)。综上,冷季饲喂高能量(6.94 MJ·kg^-1     

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P  < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P  < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS‐1, GPR54 (G protein‐coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P  < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic–pituitary?gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.     

Seasonal variations in the diet and food selection of the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus

The Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus is an insectivorous species. However, the exact composition of its natural diet remains largely undetermined, especially in relation to seasonal variations in food availability. From March to November, we simultaneously analysed the composition of 180 hedgehog faecal samples and food availability in the Soumman Valley, Algeria to assess food selection in this species. The faeces contained 196 different prey species, of which 92% belonged to the class Insecta. The highest prey species diversity was found in the Coleoptera order (100 species recorded) and the highest species occurrence was found in Hymenoptera (65% of the prey items, mainly represented by the harvester ant Messor barbarus, a crop-ravaging species). This study shows that the Algerian hedgehog is mainly a generalist species with a diet that is strongly linked to food availability. However, seasonal variations were observed in prey selection, and a notable shift in food preference was observed during autumn. The exact nature of these changes in feeding behaviour remains to be investigated, notably in relation to changes in energy requirements of this species before hibernation, in terms of quantity and/or quality.     

不同饲养制度和方式对银香鸡肉用性状的影响

用不同饲养方式和制度管理银香鸡。结果，在饲养期中的舍饲鸡的饲料报酬高；放出运动鸡的鸡肉味道较好。本研究三种制度中，以前期(1～45d)圈养、后期(46～100d)放出运动综合效果相对较好。     

小齿锯鳐的运输及人工饲养技术

介绍了青岛海底世界于2007年2月从澳大利亚引进的小齿锯鳐的运输环节、管理及人工饲养情况。     

马铃薯渣饲用研究进展及应用前景分析

马铃薯淀粉渣富含养分、成本低、产量高,是良好的饲料来源.文章分析马铃薯的饲用价值,从青贮和发酵两方面综述马铃薯渣的饲用化研究现状,并提出马铃薯渣饲用潜力开发的主要制约因素,展望其饲用化的应用前景,为马铃薯渣的饲用化研究提供参考.     

牛肉近红外光谱的地域及饲养期特征分析

 【目的】探讨利用近红外光谱分析技术区分不同地域来源和饲养期牛肉的可行性,为牛肉产地溯源和产地确证等监管措施提供分析方法和理论依据。【方法】利用近红外光谱仪测定在内蒙古太仆寺旗、陕西杨凌区、河南南阳市实施的人为迁徙饲养模型试验中的18头肉牛肌肉样品的光谱,结合饲料和饲养方式,比较地域和饲养期样品之间的光谱特征差异,并利用主成分分析比较样品的空间分布。【结果】牛肉样品近红外光谱特征与地域、饲料种类和饲养方式等因子密切相关;同一地域不同饲养期和同一饲养期不同地域牛肉的近红外光谱特征均有显著差异;利用主成分分析能将不同地域来源和饲养期样品区分开。【结论】地域和饲养期对牛肉近红外光谱均有显著影响,进行牛肉产地溯源和产地确证时必须考虑地域和饲养期等因子;近红外光谱分析技术用于区分不同地域来源和饲养期的牛肉是可行的。     

Virulence of the Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Reared on Different Resistant Rice Varieties

ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera(Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N‘Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene WbphS) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and X-waveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TN1(71.4%0) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARCcolony was 68. 3%, not significantly different from that on TN1(77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%).The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low.