Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

突脉青冈纤维特征和化学成分研究

对突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的测定和分析，揭示了突脉青冈纤维形态和化学成分的特征及其纤维形态随树龄的变化规律，结果表明：突脉青冈木材可作为林产工业的纤维材料使用。     

基于计算机断层扫描技术的木材密度检测研究

使用计算机断层扫描技术进行原木无损检测,通过对原木树种断层 CT 值的统计,对 CT 设备在检测过程中的窗宽与窗位进行了设定,同时拟合出了木材 CT 值一密度值的线性方程,为原木缺陷的无损检测及木材密度的测定提供一种新方法。     

我国南方湿地松木材物理力学性质变异初探

我国南方五省区湿地松木材的密度、晚材率和各项力学强度,随纬度的增加,呈递减状态。纬度与气干容重之间的直线回归方程为:G=1.28—0.027L,相关系数r=0.984.产生此现象的主要原因是,木材的管胞宽度和厚度随着纬度的增加逐渐变窄、变薄。产地的年平均气温和年降水量对湿地松树木的年轮宽度和晚材带宽度影响较大;年轮和晚材带的平均宽度随产地自北向南依次增加,随着山地海拔的升高而减小。     

湖南油茶产量影响因子分析

在湖南省油茶产区，用二阶抽样抽取样地80块，实测单株4360株。筛选出冠幅、年龄为产量的最相关因子，并据此编制了油茶林产量表。     

The variation of tree-ring widths of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by air pollution

Using eight populations of Scots pine growing in foothills of the Sudetes (southern Poland) as an example, the character and causes of annual ring variation in 1900–1999 were studied. The climate had a short-term effect on radial growth during the whole period investigated. A long-term decrease of radial growth occurred after 1960, but only in some localities. It was probably caused by non-climatic factors, most likely by industrial pollution. The decline of trees during that period is mainly evidenced by a high variation of width of annual rings, a small similarity of chronologies of annual ring widths, and a lack of signal years. After 1990, the tree recovery process was evident. It was most intensive in localities where the earlier stress was the most severe. Then, trees started to produce wide annual rings, homogeneity of the growth reaction increased, and the signal years began to occur.     

Pilot Study to Examine Radial Variation in Annual Ring Width, Density and Shrinkage

The annual ring width, density and shrinkage variation from pith to bark in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Boka sugi (Cryptomeria japonicd) were studied and compared. The results show that the ring width decreased sharply from pith to bark for Chinese fir. However, the ring width variation pattern for Boka sugi followed a different way, i.e., the ring width decreased to the fifth ring, increased to the tenth ring, decreased again to the fifteenth, and then increased to the twentieth, where it became constant. The large variations of Boka sugi appeared to show the maintenance of fast growth for many years. The annual ring mean density of Chinese fir increased gradually from pith to bark. However, the density changes for Boka sugi indicated the opposite trend, i.e., the mean density decreased gradually from pith to bark. The former showed a pattern as the same as a pine and a larch, and the latter was often found in a cedar and a cypress. The longitudinal shrinkage in juvenile wood was much hig     

西南桦人工林木材纤维形态株内变异研究

为研究西南桦人工林的木材物理力学性能,对其禾材纤维形态进行了测试.结果表明:径向上纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比在髓心处较小,沿髓心向外逐渐增大并渐趋稳定,纤维壁腔比在髓心处较大,沿髓心向外逐渐减小并渐趋稳定;轴向上纤维长度、宽度、长宽比在树根处较小,随树木长高逐渐增大并逐步趋于稳定,纤维壁腔比在树根处较大,随树木长高逐渐减小并逐步趋于稳定.西南桦人工林木材纤维较长,纤维长宽比较大,纤维壁腔比较小,纤维形态表明西南桦人工林木材是适合用于制浆造纸工业的极好原料.     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

基于叶片反射光谱估测水稻氮营养指数

【目的】基于叶片反射光谱建立快速、无损监测水稻氮营养指数（nitrogen nutrition index,NNI）的估算模型。【方法】2018—2019年开展2个水稻品种（徽两优898和Y两优900）及5个氮肥梯度（施氮量为0、75、150、225和300 kg·hm^-2,分别记为N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄）的田间小区试验,测定关键生育期不同叶位叶片反射光谱和植株NNI,构建多种光谱指数的水稻NNI监测模型。【结果】单叶及叶位组合的敏感波段均分布在540 nm的绿光波长处,其与近红外波段构成的窄波段比值指数SR（R₉₀₀,R₅₄₀）可较好反演水稻NNI。但不同叶位叶片窄波段比值指数与水稻NNI的预测精度表现不同,顶3叶（L₃）预测精度最好（R²=0.731,RMSE =0.130,RE=11.6%）,顶2叶（L₂）次之（R²=0.707,RMSE =0.136,RE =12.2%）,顶1叶（L₁）最差（R²=0.443,RMSE =0.187,RE =14.7%）;顶2叶和顶3叶组合平均光谱（L₂₃）的预测精度优于单叶水平和其他叶位组合（R²=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%）。再将窄波段比值指数SR（R₉₀₀,R₅₄₀）近红外与绿光区域分别重采样50 nm和10 nm,所构建的宽波段比值指数SR[AR_{（900±50）},AR_{（540±10）}]模型精度较SR（R₉₀₀,R₅₄₀）未明显降低,且在L₂₃水平下2个模型的模型精度和预测精度基本一致（R²=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%）。水稻NNI小于1时与产量呈线性的正相关关系（P<0.05）,大于1时产量趋于平稳。【结论】L₂和L₃叶片反射光谱为监测水稻NNI的敏感叶位,其中叶位组合L₂₃可提高模型预测精度。基于叶片反射光谱构建的多种波段比值指数（SR（R₉₀₀,R₅₄₀）和SR[AR_{（900±50）},AR_{（540±10）}]）可快速估测水稻NNI,从而为不同传感器对水稻氮营养指数估测监测研究提供了理论依据。