Effects of sulphur on yield and malting quality of barley

Eight field experiments were conducted at four sites in the UK in 2003 and 2004 to investigate the effects of sulphur (S) application on yield and malting quality of barley. Significant yield responses to S additions were obtained in five out of the eight experiments, with yield increases ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 t/ha (4.7–22.5%). At the two most S-deficient sites, S application significantly increased malt diastatic power, alpha-amylase activity, friability and homogeneity, and decreased (1→3,1→4)-β-glucan concentration in the wort, indicating an improved endosperm modification during malting. Sulphur applications also significantly increased the concentration of S-methylmethionine (the precursor of dimethylsulphide) in kilned malt, which could impact on beer flavour. When the supply of N was limiting, S applications decreased grain N concentration due to a dilution effect as a result of increased grain yield. In some cases, S applications resulted in decreased grain size. At sites non-deficient or marginally deficient in S, applications of S had little effect on grain or malting quality parameters. The need to maintain an adequate S supply to barley for both yield and malting quality was demonstrated.     

蒜苔挥发油化学成分的研究

用色质联机分析蒜苔挥发油，鉴定出２４个有机硫化物，其中１，２，３－三噻环己烷１，２，３，４－四噻环庚烷，甲基烯丙基四硫化物以及二烯丙基四硫化物为首次在蒜中发现。     

中国农业硫信息系统探讨

在中文WINDOWS98平台上 ,以MAPGIS为基础操作平台 ,利用VisualBasic编程语言和MAPGIS提供的控件和API函数结合Access数据库软件开发了中国农业硫信息系统。根据已有数据材料和生产实践需要 ,系统开发了五个应用模块 ,分为土壤硫状况、作物硫营养、硫肥效应、土壤硫平衡、更新与设置。该系统能为农业技术推广、化肥生产销售部门以及农业科研部门提供一个土壤硫、植物硫营养和硫肥有效使用等信息管理工具     

国外水果制干过程中的熏硫护色工艺

熏硫护色方法简单、实用、有效,许多国家在水果制干生产中仍然普遍采用,介绍了国外水果制干的熏硫护色工艺、熏硫时间、方法及用量,并对熏硫过程中,影响二氧化硫效用的因素进行了叙述.为中国生产干果的企业提供参考.     

Nitrogen:sulphur ratio alters competition between Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne under cutting: Production and competitive abilities

Grasslands species, like others crops, no longer benefit from high atmospheric sulphur deposition. This may cause sulphur limitation and in turn may induce a shift in plant communities by altering species performance and competitive abilities. To test this hypothesis, a greenhouse pot experiment was designed to investigate the interacting effects of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) availability on production, morphology and competitive abilities of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plants were grown in monocultures and mixtures during 4 months. They were supplied with combinations of three levels of S and three levels of N and subjected to three defoliation events. Both S and N gradients altered plants performance and modulated competitive interactions. In L. perenne, above- and below-ground dry matter production, leaf and tiller number and contribution to mixture DM production were little affected by S, but highly by N. For T. repens, these traits were significantly increased by S, but only slightly by N. At establishment, T. repens was subjected to a significant interspecific competition at low N–low S and high N–high S. But at regrowth (cuts 2 and 3), T. repens was much more affected by intra- than interspecific competition. L. perenne was only sensitive to competition (intraspecific) when N supply was combined with no or moderate S supply. We conclude that N:S ratio of soil appears to drive species production, morphology and competitive abilities, which in turn affect leguminous–gramineous species ratio and grassland plant community structure. Since the growth of T. repens was significantly reduced in low S treatments, our results suggest that the drastic fall in atmospheric sulphur deposition could restrict leguminous species in high N soil conditions.     

Critical sulphur concentration and sulphur requirement of microbial biomass in a glucose and cellulose-amended regosol

 The critical S concentration and S requirement of the soil microbial biomass of a granitic regosol was examined. S was applied at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 μg S as MgSO₄·7H₂O, together with either 3000 μg glucose-C or 3333 μg cellulose-C, 400 μg N, and 200 μg P g ^–1 soil and 200 μg K g^–1 soil. Microbial biomass, inorganic SO₄ ^2–-S, and CO₂ emission were monitored over 30 days during incubation at 25  °C. Both glucose and cellulose decomposition rates responded positively to the S made available for microbial cell synthesis. The amounts of microbial biomass C and S increased with the level of applied S up to 10 μg S g^–1 soil and 30 μg S g^–1 soil in the glucose- and cellulose-amended soil, respectively, and then declined. Incorporated S was found to be concentrated within the microbial biomass or partially transformed into soil organic matter. The concentration of S in the microbial biomass was higher in the cellulose- (4.8–14.2 mg g^–1) than in the glucose-amended soil (3.7–10.9 mg g^–1). The microbial biomass C:S ratio was higher in the glucose- (46–142 : 1) than in the cellulose-amended soil (36–115 : 1). The critical S concentration in the microbial biomass (defined as that required to achieve 80% of the maximum synthesis of microbial biomass C) was estimated to be 5.1 mg g^–1 in the glucose- and 10.9 mg g^–1 in the cellulose-amended soil. The minimum requirement of SO₄ ^2–-S for microbial biomass formation was estimated to be 11 μg S g^–1 soil and 21 μg S g^–1 soil for glucose- and cellulose-amended soil, respectively. The highest levels of activity of the microbial biomass were observed at the SO₄ ^2–-S concentrations of 14 μg S g^–1 soil and 17 μg S g^–1 soil, for the glucose and cellulose amendments, respectively, and were approximately 31–54% higher during glucose than cellulose decomposition. Received: 20 October 1999     

硫和白云石对皖中黄褐土铅形态分布的影响

通过室内土壤培养试验,应用连续浸提分组方法,研究了S与白云石用量对黄褐土中重金属Pb形态分布的影响.结果表明,高S处理条件下,土壤pH下降,可交换态Pb有升高的趋势:白云石处理条件下,土壤pH升高,显著促进了可交换态Pb向碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态转化,这种形态分布与白云石用量无明显关联,S的添加不足以改变白云石粉对黄褐土中Pb形态的影响.     

硫对春小麦籽粒直链淀粉积累的效应

以3个不同品质类型春小麦为材料,在不同氮水平下,研究施硫对籽粒直链淀粉积累的效应。结果表明:籽粒直链淀粉开始积累比较晚,开花后5~10 d,直链淀粉才开始积累,但最终积累量不高。相同氮素水平不同施硫量处理,直链淀粉动态积累趋势相似,各品种开花后直链淀粉动态积累总体上都呈增加的趋势。硫对籽粒直链淀粉的最终积累量影响是以一定氮素水平为基础的,在高氮(N128)水平下,增施硫肥可降低小麦籽粒直链淀粉含量,对改善小麦品质有一定的积极作用。     

湖南省茶园土壤硫素状况研究

对湖南省内 2 4个茶场的 110个土壤样品的表土 (0— 2 0cm)和底土 (2 0— 40cm)两个土层的有效硫含量、全硫含量、有机质含量、以及pH值进行了测定分析。研究结果表明 :湖南省茶园土壤有效硫含量较高 ,表土的有效硫含量为 6 4 8± 6 2mgS kg (范围 :12 2— 2 10 2mgS kg) ,底土的有效硫含量为 91 8± 8 4mgS kg (范围 :11 1— 2 35 1mgS kg) ,但仍有 7 3 %茶园土壤缺硫 ;0— 2 0cm土层的有效硫有向 2 0— 4     

硫对春小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分的效应

以3个不同品质类型春小麦为材料,在不同氮水平条件下,研究施硫对籽粒总淀粉及其组分的效应。结果表明,不同施氮处理,获得最高籽粒总淀粉含量对硫的需求量各异。施硫对小麦籽粒淀粉组分具有调节作用,但这种调节作用的发挥要以一定氮水平为基础。在尿素60kg/hm2或128kg/hm2(N60或N128)条件下,施用硫肥有利于降低直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例,改善淀粉组分。