2016年7月25日抚顺暴雨过程分析

利用常规资料、自动站观测资料以及数值预报产品,对2016年7月25日抚顺暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明,暴雨发生在偏西气流的纬向环流形势下,500hPa贝加尔湖冷空气东南移是造成此次抚顺暴雨的主要影响系统。冷空气是由贝加尔湖脊向东南方向移动导致;850hPa上,辽西地区有切变线东移,对抚顺地区降水产生直接影响,此次暴雨过程存在强盛的西南风低空急流建立,急流中心风速可达22m/s;200hPa存在强盛的高空急流,抚顺处于高空急流轴右侧,有急流的分流区。     

夏季热带对流对江淮流域降水的影响

利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析格点资料,包括OLR资料、500hPa位势高度场等资料,借助相关分析、合成分析,研究了夏季热带对流的强弱对西太平洋副热带高压位置、强度变化以及江淮流域降水的影响。夏季从菲律宾周围经南海到中印半岛上空的对流活动增强或减弱时,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北或偏南,且向北进时,在6月末和7月初存在明显或不明显突跳,从而影响东亚季风雨带在长江、淮河流域的停滞时间,造成长江流域和淮河流域降水偏少或偏多。     

西北太平洋SST暖水区·ITCZ对东北冷涡及副热带高压的影响

利用1958～1997年NCAR/NCEP再分析月平均500hPa位势高度格点资料,分析了东北冷涡与西太平洋副热带高压的关系,研究了海表温度（SST）和射出长波辐射（OLR）对东北冷涡及副热带高压的影响。结果表明,在夏季,东北冷涡与副热带高压是正相关关系,GMS-SST=28℃阈值特征线与东北冷涡高度指数、副热带高压高度指数都是反位相关系,随着GMS-SST=28℃阈值特征线的逐渐北移,副热带高压减弱,东北冷涡增多、加强。     

北太平洋亚热带海域大眼金枪鱼秋季摄食习性的初步研究

中国金枪鱼延绳钓渔业观察员于2018年9-12月在北太平洋亚热带水域(150°W-164°W,30°N-37°N)采集了146尾大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)样品,并对其胃含物组成进行了研究。结果表明,大眼金枪鱼胃含物中共鉴别出36种饵料种类,隶属于28科,优势饵料为帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)、发光柔鱼(Eucleoteuthis luminosa)、魣蜥鱼(Lestidium prolixum)和眶灯鱼(Diaphus sp.),其相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)分别为25.65%、14.48%、7.56%和6.77%。大眼金枪鱼在叉长为100~110 cm范围内的摄食强度最高,在性腺成熟度Ⅲ期的摄食强度也最高,而Ⅴ期的摄食强度最低,此外,在150~250 m水层中的摄食强度较高。研究结果有助于提高对大眼金枪鱼生物学特征和摄食习性的认识,及进一步了解其在生态系统和食物网结构中所扮演的重要角色。     

Impacts of elemental S applied under various temperature and moisture regimes on pH and available P in acidic, neutral and alkaline soils

We evaluated the effect of elemental S (S⁰) under three moisture (40, 60, 120% water-filled pore space; WFPS) and three temperature regimes (12, 24, 36°C) on changes in pH and available P (0.5 N NaHCO₃-extractable P) concentrations in acidic (pH 4.9), neutral (pH 7.1) and alkaline (pH 10.2) soils. Repacked soil cores were incubated for 0, 14, 28 and 42 days. Application of S⁰ did not alter the trends of pH in acidic and neutral soils at all moisture regimes but promoted a decrease in the pH of alkaline soil under aerobic conditions (40%, 60% WFPS). Moisture and temperature had profound effects on the available P concentrations in all three soils, accumulation of available P being greatest under flooded conditions (120% WFPS) at 36°C. Application of S⁰ in acidic, neutral and alkaline soils resulted in the net accumulation of 16.5, 14.5 and 13 g P g^–1 soil after 42 days at 60% WFPS, but had no effect under flooded conditions. The greatest available P accumulations in the respective soils were 19, 19.5 and 20 g P g^–1 soil (equivalent to 38, 41, 45 kg P ha^–1) with the combined effects of 36°C, 60% WFPS and applied S⁰. The results of our study revealed that oxidation of S⁰ lowered the pH of alkaline soil (r=–0.88, P<0.01), which in turn enhanced available P concentrations. Also, considering the significant relationship between the release of sulphate and accumulation of P, even in acidic soil (r=0.92, P<0.01) and neutral soil (r=0.85, P<0.01) where the decrease in pH was smaller, it is possible that the stimulatory effect of sulphate on the availability of P was due to its concurrent desorption from the colloidal surface, release from fixation sites and/or mineralization of organic P. Thus, in the humid tropics and irrigated subtropics where high moisture and temperature regimes are prevalent, the application of S⁰ could be beneficial not only in alleviating S deficiency in soils but also for enhancing the availability of P in arable soils, irrespective of their initial pH.     

放牧绵羊对亚热带人工草地地上生物量的影响

本文在放牧和封育条件下研究了多年生黑麦草和白三叶人工草地地上部第一性生产力及其形成的规律。结果表明，黑麦草生物量和地上生物量的形成规律为双峰型，而白三叶则为单峰型。在放牧采食率为69、55、45％和不放牧条件下，人工草地地上净第一性生产力分别为1210．9、1076．4、987．9和555．2g／m2，其中多年生黑麦草的地上净第一性生产力分别为899.8、777．0、746．0和372．0g／m2。白三叶分别为311．1、299．4和207．2g／m2。放牧地较封育地获得较大的净第一性生产力。试验结果表明，本试验设计的70％采食率是该混播草地较适合的放牧强度。     

Primary productivity in cities and their influence over subtropical bird assemblages

Changes in ecosystem structure caused by urbanization produce a reduction in photosynthetic productivity, which can lead to reductions in resource availability for birds. Here, we analyzed the relation between photosynthetic productivity and bird assemblages in a subtropical urban ecosystem, in North-Western Argentina. We used Generalized Linear Models to assess the responses of bird abundance, richness and diversity to photosynthetic productivity, vegetation cover and distance to main natural forest. We found higher bird richness and diversity with increasing photosynthetic productivity and vegetation cover, and with decreasing distance to forests; while total bird abundance was positively related to vegetation cover. When we classified bird species in different groups, based on their use of the environment, we found that species adapted to urban environments were more dependent on photosynthetic productivity, while species related to native forests were more dependent on the distance to source forests. Understanding the factors that affect bird assemblages in cities is important for the development of strategies for urban planning and conservation.     

2007年淮河流域暴雨洪涝及2003年的对比分析

分析了2007年夏季淮河流域安徽段洪涝的雨情、水情以及天气学条件,并与2003年淮河流域洪涝进行了比较。结果表明,乌拉尔山高压脊稳定,西太平洋副高较常年偏强,西风带冷空气频繁,强劲的低空急流和台风活动极端偏少,这5大因素的相逢相遇,导致了稳定的连续暴雨;而副高脊线较常年偏北2个纬距,也正好使主雨带较常年偏北2个纬距,落到淮河流域,导致淮河洪涝。     

抚顺市2010年异常气候对农业影响分析

[目的]研究抚顺市2010年异常气候及其对农业的影响。[方法]针对2010年抚顺市异常气候特点,对异常气候大气环流特征及异常气候对农业各方面影响进行分析。[结果]抚顺市2010年异常气候为：春季气温异常偏低,降水异常偏多,各月降水持续偏多,日照持续偏少;7-8月降水异常偏少,出现5次暴雨天气。主要大气环流特征为：3月极涡明显偏强,冷空气活动频繁;4月中旬乌拉尔山高压脊偏强,东亚大槽偏西、偏强,亚洲中北部锋区强;5月亚洲中高纬度为宽广槽区,北支锋区偏北副热带高压脊线比常年偏北,西脊点位置较常年偏西有利于水汽输送出现多雨天气;7-8月由于极涡异常偏强,副热带高压偏西偏强有利于北方冷空气南下和南方水汽输送。2010年异常气候对农业各方面带来不利影响,造成较大经济损失。[结论]该研究为提高异常天气预报和防灾减灾能力提供参考。     

绥中地区一次暴雨天气过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图,对2010年7月19-20日发生在辽宁绥中地区区域性暴雨、局地大暴雨的天气过程进行分析。结果表明,副热带高压稳定偏北是产生此次强降水的根本原因。西南涡北上为过程提供了充沛的水汽和热力辐合抬升条件,冷空气东移南下为过程提供了动力抬升条件。