年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马卵泡发育的影响

【目的】 研究新疆昭苏地区伊犁马发情周期内卵泡发育变化规律,分析年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马母马卵泡发育的影响,为掌握伊犁马母马卵泡发育规律提供理论依据。【方法】 选取伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏县康苏马业配种站内,同一草场放牧情况下84匹母马作为研究对象监测发情期内卵泡发育,分析对比不同年龄、温度、膘情对伊犁马卵泡发育时长的差异性。【结果】 年龄Ⅱ组TF3-F5显著高于年龄Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。年龄Ⅱ组TF4-5显著高于年龄Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。平均高温对TF1-F2具有显著影响(P＜0.05),平均高温Ⅰ组TF1-F2显著高于平均高温Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。平均低温对TF1-F2具有极显著影响(P＜0.01),平均低温Ⅰ组TF1-F2极显著高于平均低温Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)。积温对TF1-F2具有显著影响(P＜0.05),积温Ⅱ组TF1-F2极显著高于积温Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。膘情对TF1-F2、TF3-F4、TF1-F5、TF2-F5、TF3-F5均具有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对TF2-F3具有显著影响(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF1-F2极显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.01)。膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F3显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅲ组TF3-F4极显著低于膘情Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅲ组TF3-F4显著低于膘情Ⅰ组、膘情Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF1-F5极显著高于膘情Ⅱ组、膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅱ组TF1-F5显著高于膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F5极显著高于第Ⅲ组(P＜0.01),膘情Ⅰ组TF2-F5显著高于膘情Ⅱ组、膘情Ⅲ组(P＜0.05)。【结论】 年龄、温度、膘情均一定程度的影响伊犁马母马的卵泡发育,其中膘情对卵泡发育有极显著影响,体况较差可抑制母马卵泡发育。     

不同品种公猪睾丸、精液品质发育规律及相关性研究

为明确公猪睾丸在选育中的意义,研究公猪睾丸参数、精液质量参数的发育性规律以及两者间的关联性。选择936头分布在280～1 409日龄的生产公猪,其中589头杜洛克、233头长白、114头大白。对睾丸和精液质量参数采用一般线性模型,以品种和日龄分组为固定因素进行多变量分析;使用二次项模型分品种分别对睾丸总体积和有效精子数进行发育曲线拟合;控制日龄变量,对睾丸与精液质量参数进行偏相关性分析。在睾丸大小方面：杜洛克>大白>长白,其中杜洛克与大白差异不显著（P>0.05）,但两者均极显著（P<001）高于长白;在精液质量整体比较上：长白优于杜洛克优于大白,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;但在体积、密度、活力和畸形率上,三品种公猪均存在显著（P>0.05）或极显著(P<0.01)差异;睾丸随日龄增长呈先增大后萎缩趋势,精液整体质量随日龄增长呈下滑趋势;三品种公猪睾丸的大小均与精液量和有效精子数呈正相关,且大部分具有显著（P<0.05）或极显著性(P<0.01)。同日龄时期,三品种公猪睾丸的大小顺序为杜洛克>长白>大白,其中长白大于大白具有普遍性; 综合来看,三品种的精液质量比较结果为长白优于杜洛克优于大白,其中长白优于大白具有普遍性;公猪睾丸萎缩临界日龄可用于公猪淘汰依据,选育公猪时可重点选留睾丸较大者。     

“门当户对”的婚姻更幸福吗——以夫妻双方个人特征差距为视角

夫妻双方的年龄、受教育程度、收入以及户籍方面的差异会影响婚后的主观幸福感。夫妻双方的年龄差距越大,生活幸福感越弱,且这种影响更多地存在于男性和农业户籍人口中;夫妻双方的受教育程度差距虽然有利于女性主观幸福感的提升,却会恶化男性的主观幸福感;夫妻双方的收入差距越大,生活幸福感越强,且对于女性和农业户籍人口而言,收入差距对生活幸福感的影响更为显著;与夫妻双方都是农业户籍相比,夫妻双方都是非农业户籍的幸福感更强。夫妻双方的个人特征差异对婚后主观幸福感的影响存在性别与户籍差异。     

草鱼TAB1蛋白的原核重组表达及其抗体制备

为了制备草鱼重组TAB1蛋白(rCiTAB1)及其特异性抗体,首先以草鱼头肾组织c DNA为模板,PCR扩增Ci TAB1基因全长序列,并依次构建重组克隆质粒p MD19-T-Ci TAB1与重组表达质粒pET-32a-Ci TAB1。该重组表达质粒经0.5 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG,37℃诱导表达12 h后获得以包涵体形式表达的重组CiTAB1蛋白(rCiTAB1)。然后,采用3种不同方法对包涵体蛋白进行变性,发现与高浓度尿素直接变性法和洗涤后尿素变性法相比,洗涤后梯度尿素变性法处理后的蛋白纯度最好,经透析复性后得到浓度为2 mg·mL~(-1)的r Ci TAB1。最后,将rCiTAB1蛋白与白油佐剂及免疫增强剂混合,室温下混合1.5h乳化成免疫原,3次免疫新西兰大白兔制备兔抗CiTAB1抗体,经间接ELISA方法和免疫琼脂双向扩散试验测得免疫后第33天血清中特异性抗体的效价分别为1∶1 048 576和1∶16。Western blot检测到一条分子量约为72 kDa的特异性条带,表明该抗体能特异性识别r Ci TAB1蛋白。研究结果为后续深入研究CiTAB1蛋白功能提供了物质基础。     

不同播期对水稻秧苗素质影响的研究

通过对不同播种期的秧苗素质的研究,确定最佳的播种时期.结果表明:第1叶鞘高与2叶长呈极显著的正相关(r=0.8201**);秧龄期和株高呈极显著正相关(R=0.9367**).结合2006年4月份气温特点,并通过对第1叶鞘高、2叶长、根数、株高等性状分析,初步确认三江地区水稻最佳播种期是4月10～15日.     

中华鳖群体间编码MHCⅠ类分子α2结构域基因的克隆及序列分析

2004年1月至2005年4月在江苏靖江市的长江沿岸用定置张网采集刀鲚261尾。清洗后的矢耳石在60℃烤箱中烘烤24h，干燥冷却后用电子天平称重，精确到0．01mg。成对t检验显示，左右矢耳石间的重量无显著差异（P〉0．05），选用左矢耳石为研究对象。用直线、幂函数和多项式等确定各类参数间的最佳拟合公式。结果表明，长江口刀鲚的耳石重量在不同年龄组间的重叠相对较少，大小相近的个体，年龄大即生长慢的比年龄小即生长快的耳石重量大，不同龄组间耳石重量有显著的差异（P〈0．05）。按年龄组以耳石重量与相应的体长作图，可初步判断所观测年龄的可靠性。分析耳石重量的频率分布，能分离出体长相近但年龄不同的个体，其结果与依据耳石年轮观测的基本一致，耳石重量与年龄呈显著的线性相关性（P〈0．05）。用该相关性估算年龄，与从耳石上直接读取的年龄并无显著差异（P〉0．05）。因此，矢耳石重量可以作为直接确定长江口刀鲚年龄或作为验证依据钙化组织判断年龄准确性的有效手段。     

Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

Long-term changes in the smolt size and age of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a northern Baltic river related to parr density, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival

Abstract –  The size of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts in 1972–2004 was studied in relation to parr density, smolt age, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival in the Simojoki River. There was a significant negative regression between the annual mean smolt size and the density of wild >1 year parr in the previous autumn, but not between the annual mean smolt size and age. The density of reared parr released into the river or the growth opportunity, based on the day length and air temperature during the previous summer, did not affect the size of wild smolts. The data on postsmolt survival based on recaptures of Carlin-tagged smolts showed a significant positive relationship ( P  < 0.01) between the survival of postsmolts and the annual size of wild smolts. It is hypothesised that the increased density of wild >1 year parr could have contributed to the decreased smolt size since the 1990s, and the reduced size of wild smolts could be included among the factors resulting in their declined postsmolt survival in the Baltic Sea.     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

长江口凤鲚幼鱼的耳石微结构、日龄与生长

2007年7月、8月和9月在长江口区域从小型拖网和张网渔获物中获取凤鲚幼鱼,摘取矢耳石进行耳石微结构分析,确定凤鲚幼鱼的日龄和孵化日期,分析个体早期生长过程.凤鲚幼鱼的体长范围为25.6～63.2 mm,矢耳石形状与成鱼耳石相似,为不规则扁椭球形,只有—个翼状突起.耳石横截面磨片上具有一个核和一个原基.耳石原基的直径为12.5 ～ 22.8μm,平均为(14.3±4.8) μm(n =111).耳石核中心到第一个生长轮的距离为(24.9±6.4)μm(n=44).生长轮在耳石长轴上排列较疏且不清晰,短轴上较密但清晰.凤鲚幼鱼的日龄为54～128 d,对应的孵化日期为2007年4月10日至7月23日,高峰期为2007年5月1 1日至6月26日.耳石半径(R)与标准体长(LS)间呈显著的线性相关关系,回归方程为LS=6.68 +0.065R.凤鲚幼鱼前20个生长轮宽度较窄,并有逐渐变窄的趋势,第20日轮之后,生长轮宽度逐渐变宽,至第50日轮后生长轮宽度趋于稳定.