金沙江下游中华金沙鳅自然繁殖的生态水文需求研究

为支撑乌东德水电站人造洪峰生态调度方案制定，掌握刺激中华金沙鳅自然繁殖的生态水文指标和水温阈值，2017-2019年5-7月在金沙江下游巧家断面进行鱼类早期资源调查，分析中华金沙鳅卵苗径流量与同期水温、流量日上涨率、涨水持续时间等生态水文指标之间的响应关系，在此基础上提出乌东德水电站生态调度运行要求。结果表明：巧家江段中华金沙鳅产卵高峰期为5月下旬-6月中下旬，产卵高峰期起始水温不低于19.0℃；对应的洪峰过程流量日上涨率平均为358m3/s/d，涨水持续天数平均为 5d，洪峰过程2-3d后开展大规模产卵；偏相关分析表明中华金沙鳅卵苗径流量与起始水位呈负相关关系，结合乌东德水电站3-7月生态基流泄放要求，推荐人造洪峰的起始流量为1160 m3/s，对应的乌东德水文站水位为791.1m，可有效促进中华金沙鳅产卵繁殖。     

Ovarian inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in prepuberal holstein heifers

Fifteen prepuberal Holstein heifers were utilized to examine pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion before and after ovariectomy. Heifers were ovariectornized at 3, 6 or 9 months of age (n=5/group) and scheduled for blood sampling at 1 week before, 1 week after and 4 weeks following ovariectomy. During each 8 hr sampling period (0600–1400 hr), blood samples (10 ml) were collected via indwelling jugular canulae at 10 min intervals. Prior to ovariectomy, mean plasma LH concentration and both number and amplitude of LH pulses per 8 hr sampling period were similar (P>.05) among age groups, and the absence of a pulsatile LH secretion profile was accompanied by a low mean LH concentration. Within 1 week after ovariectomy, both number of LH pulses and mean LH concentrations increased (P<.O1) in all age groups. Between 1 and 4 weeks after ovariectomy, both amplitude of LH pulses and mean LH concentrations increased (P<.O1) when the data from the three age groups were combined. We conclude that ovarian inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion is established by 3 months of age and is maintained through 9 months of age. In addition, the initial elevation mean plasma LH concentration is due to greater pulse frequency, while the subsequent rise in mean LH concentration reflects increased amplitude of LH pulses.     

唐马寨水文站降雨和径流特性分析

唐马寨水文站是太子河干流下游的重要控制站,通过分析唐马寨水文站降雨、径流特性,将为更好地做好本站防汛测报、水资源监测和利用起到积极作用。     

西江中游水沙序列的多时间尺度特征

小流域的水沙多时间尺度周期变化分析可为中长期水沙预测提供科学依据,为西江中游水沙序列的多尺度特征提供工程参考依据。选用红水河迁江站1957-2016年年径流和年输沙量数据资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、小波分析法和耦合关系模型,分析迁江站主要的水沙序列周期及其多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:迁江站年水沙序列具有下降趋势,多尺度特征基本一致且存在主周期,人类活动、气候波动及水土保持措施等因素对水沙序列的变化有直接的影响。径流序列的第一主周期是25~30 a,第二主周期是13~24 a,第三主周期是3~12 a;输沙序列第一主周期是20~30 a,第二主周期是9~20 a,第三主周期是3~9 a。在5,16和28 a的时间尺度上,受生态环境及人类活动的影响,水沙序列产生较大紊乱,最终输沙序列相较于径流序列趋于稳定,其变化也滞后于径流序列。在耦合关系中,径流序列的R2为0.43,输沙序列的为0.71,输沙序列的显著性高于径流序列;且人类活动利用科学技术通过影响输沙系统,将原水沙系统的矛盾进行缓解乃至解决,使得西江中游水沙系统进入再生时期。     

GA-BP组合预测方法在北洛河年径流量预测中的应用

为寻求较为合理的径流量预测方法,利用GA-BP组合模型进行径流量预测的研究,首先利用GA算法(Genetic algorithm)全局搜索能力定位出一个较好的搜索空间,再利用BP算法(Back propagation)神经网络的局部寻优能力,以陕西省北洛河状头站实测数据为基础进行径流量预测。结果表明：利用GA-BP组合模型预测2001—2010年结果的相对误差分别为-8.9%、-12.6%、-7.4%、9.4%、-7.6%、15.0%、-5.5%、10.7%、13.3%和-8.2%,预测精度较高,从相对误差和训练次数比较可以看出,GA-BP组合模型优于基本BP模型和GA模型。     

论校外实验站在涉农大学中的地位与作用——以中国农业大学吴桥实验站为例简

涉农大学建立校外实验站是农业高校服务新农村建设的根本途径,是更好发挥大学功能的重要抓手。基于中国农业大学吴桥实验站发展的情况,分析了校外实验站在青年教师、研究生、本科生、地方科技人才及新型农民培养等方面所具有的功能,明确了校外实验站在科技创新平台构建以及服务地方农业发展方面发挥的作用,阐释了新形势下校外实验站面临的主要挑战,并提出了进一步提升涉农大学校外实验站地位的主要对策。     

Evaluation of banana hybrids for tolerance to black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) in Puerto Rico

In Puerto Rico, bananas (including plantains) are important agricultural commodities; their combined production totaled over 158,000 tons in 2011. Black leaf streak (BLS) and Sigatoka leaf spot diseases, caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Mycosphaerella musicola, respectively, are responsible for significant losses of this crop, due to the high susceptibility of the most important cultivars. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids were introduced from international breeding programs for evaluation in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Accessions were established in the field in a randomized complete block design and were evaluated over two cropping cycles (2007–2010) for response to BLS and agronomic traits. Significant differences (P = 0.05) in BLS severity were observed among accessions throughout both crop cycles and were most pronounced at harvest. When averaged across production cycles, severity indices at harvest ranged from very resistant (20% of the leaf surface affected) for ‘FHIA 02’ to extremely susceptible (97%) for ‘Grand Nain’. Yield attributes varied widely among the accessions, including mean bunch weights (6.9–41.0 kg), numbers of hands per bunch (6.6–13.4), and the numbers of fruit per bunch (57.0–239.2). Several accessions, mainly from the Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA), were BLS resistant and had short pseudostems, and large bunches. They could potentially replace susceptible cultivars in commercial production or play roles in a nascent organic market.     

对转型期农业科研管理工作的几点思考——以中国热带农业科学院广州实验站为例

文章分析了现代农业背景下的科研管理模式,科研管理过程中遇到的挑战和困难,并以目前处于转型期的中国热带农业科学院广州实验站(以下简称"热科院广州实验站")为对象,对新时期农业科研管理工作的新思路提出对策和建议,指出科研管理人员需增强科研服务意识,营造人性化环境和加强管理创新能力。     

“水电站”课程教材内容改革的思考

我国高校“水电站”课程教材存在因特色性不强、人文性缺泛、知识广度不够、教材追求简略导致说理不清、知识更新过慢等不足。为克服上述缺陷,新教材内容改革应遵循下列原则：根据培养学生的层次不同,教材内容要突出从业的实用性知识;适当增加典型工程实例及人文内容,达到知识和素养的并重;教材知识体系力求完整,内容可详略得当;教材应体现资料来源,让教学内容延展到教材外;把新技术、新工艺及时补充到教学内容中,体现教材内容的先进性。     

泵站电气CAD系统的研制

1前言本文是《大泵站电气主接线的计算机辅助设计》的续篇。主要对泵站电气中短路电流计算、继电保护设计、监控测量系统设计、操作电源系统设计及防雷接地系统设计等机辅设计（CAD）模块加以介绍。本文与文献（1）构成了完整的泵站电气CAD系统。这一系统对提高泵站电气设计效益、缩短设计周期、方案的优化与设备选型等是大有益处的,对促进CAD技术在整个泵站工程中的应用也是有意义的。2短路电流计算板块文（1）已介绍了大型泵站电气主接线机辅设计模块,即已确立好电气主接线的设计方案。接着,要进行短路电流计算方可选择一次设备等…