超临界CO_2萃取百里香油树脂及萃取物抑菌活性的研究

[目的]优化百里香油树脂的萃取工艺,并研究其萃取物的抑菌活性。[方法]采用超临界CO2提取百里香油树脂,并分别考察萃取压力、时间、温度等因素对萃取率的影响。同时对萃取的百里香油树脂进行抑菌活性研究。[结果]百里香油树脂最佳萃取条件为：萃取温度40℃,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取时间4 h。萃取物对供试菌金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和真菌白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。[结论]百里香油树脂可望用于食品防腐剂或抑菌剂。     

异土木香内酯对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素表达的影响

为了考察异土木香内酯对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性,并研究其对金葡菌肠毒素表达的影响。应用肉汤微量稀释法测定异土木香内酯对金黄色葡萄黄色球菌标准株的最低抑菌浓度,采用Western-blot分析、蛋白酶试验、肿瘤坏死因子释放试验和荧光定量PCR分析测定异土木香内酯对金黄色葡萄黄色球菌主要肠毒素SEA和SEB表达的影响。结果表明,异土木香内酯在2048 ug/mL仍然不能抑制金葡菌的生长,然而低浓度(1~8 ug/mL)的异土木香内酯能够剂量依赖性地降低金葡菌SEA和SEB的表达。     

低温等离子体杀灭橙汁S.aureus的研究

非热杀菌能更好地提供产品质量,保留较好的营养成分,比传统杀菌技术更能节省能源,为开拓新的市场创造更大机遇。利用自行设计的介质阻挡放电反应器（DBDR）,以鲜榨果汁为杀菌介质,研究DBDR所产生的低温等离子体（LTP）对鲜榨果汁的S.aureus的杀菌规律。选取循环次数、pH、温度和电压4个因素进行中心组合设计,利用响应面对其杀菌规律进行研究,建立了低温等离子体（LTP）杀灭橙汁中S.aureus的二次多项数学模型,验证了模型的有效性,利用Design Expert软件对其进行分析表明：循环7次,pH 2.5,温度50 ℃,电压25 kV时,杀菌率log（N0/N）最大,其预测值为5.19,与实测值相符。     

蜂王浆中抗金黄色葡萄球菌肽的分离

分别用透析法和DEAE离子交换层析法分离蜂王浆抗金黄色葡萄球菌肽.用透析法分离获得了分子质量≤3.5 ku、介于3.5 ku与12 ku之间以及≥12 ku的3种组分,测定结果显示分子质量≤3.5 ku和介于3.5 ku与12 ku之间的蜂王浆组分具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌的活性.用DEAE离子交换层析法分离了分子质量≤3.5 ku和介于3.5与12 ku之间的2种蜂王浆透析组分,其中分子质量≤3.5 ku的6个离子交换分离组分中,组分1和组分6具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性;分子质量介于3.5 ku与12 ku之间的6个离子交换分离组分中,组分1具有较强的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性.     

培养条件对奶牛金葡菌5型荚膜多糖产量的影响（英文）

[Objective] The effect of different culture conditions on type 5 capsular polysaccharide production of Staphylococcus aureus from diary cattle was studied to provide simple way for CP production and preparation and laid foundation for carrying out new polysaccharide vaccine research.[Method] Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from milk sample of sick dairy cattle and capsular polysaccharide serotypes were identified.Type 5 capsular polysaccharide was cultured on BHI,solid columbia and mod110 culture media.Glucose and lactose were taken as carbon sources for every culture media in solid and liquid state.Therefore 9 different culture conditions were taken to study the effect of culture conditions on capsular polysaccharide production.[Result]Different culture conditions indicated that compared with columbia culture media,BHI culture media could decline capsular polysaccharide production and mod110 culture media could increase capsular polysaccharide production.While for same culture media,solid culture media was better for capsular polysaccharide production,meanwhile,taken lactose as carbon source could increase capsular polysaccharide production.     

3个奥利亚罗非鱼群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析和SCAR标记的转化

应用RAPD技术对3个奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)群体(奥利亚罗非鱼83系、新引进的红色奥利亚罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼02系)进行遗传多样性分析.根据扩增结果统计获得群体内和群体间的遗传距离:奥利亚罗非鱼83系、红色奥利亚罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼02系群体内的遗传距离分别为0.021 0,0.090 3和0.014 9;群体间的遗传距离以奥利亚罗非鱼83系与红色奥利亚罗非鱼群体间的最大,为0.135 1,奥利亚罗非鱼83系与奥利亚罗非鱼02系的遗传距离最小,为0.061 0,红色奥利亚罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼02系群体间的遗传距离为0.121 8.利用MEGA3.1软件进行聚类分析,奥利亚罗非鱼83系与奥利亚罗非鱼02系首先聚为一支,然后再与红色奥利亚罗非鱼聚为一支.3个奥利亚罗非鱼群体总的Shannon多样性指数为:0.234 0,总的Nei基因多样性指数为0.152 7,3个群体的遗传分化指数(Gst)为0.507 1.上述结果说明这3个群体的群体内遗传变异较小,但群体间存在一定程度的遗传变异和遗传分化.对RAPD分析中所获得的6条特异带进行SCAR转化.S97800和S4691400两个特异片段成功转化为SCAR标记.这些标记可作为鉴别3个奥利亚罗非鱼群体的遗传标记,并将为今后的选择育种提供分子标记.     

A Comparative Study on Egg Yolk IgY Production with Different Adjuvants and their Inhibitory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus

Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin disorders in infants and children and is often aggravated by increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. An inhibitory effect of a specific egg yolk antibody (IgY) on S. aureus growth was demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, the effects of water- or oil-based adjuvants on the preparation of anti-S. aureus IgY and hen immunization were compared.Methods: Hens were immunized intramuscularly with formalin-killed S. aureus mixed with either a water-soluble polysaccharide λ-carrageenan, oil-based Freund''s complete adjuvant (FCA), or Freund''s incomplete adjuvant (FIA). Anti-S. aureus IgYs (FIA-IgY, FCA/FIA-IgY, and λCarra-IgY) were purified from the egg yolk of immunized hen eggs, and the activity of the IgY against S. aureus antigen was measured by ELISA. The proportion of each IgY that was absorbed by S. aureus was also determined. Then, the effect of purified anti-S. aureus IgY on S. aureus growth inhibition was investigated in vitro.Results: The yolk of eggs and purified FIA-IgY from the FIA group showed the highest antibody activity, followed by FCA/FIA-IgY and λCarra-IgY. The proportion of each IgY that was absorbed by S. aureus antigen was as follows: FIA-IgY (18.1%), FCA/FIA-IgY (12.9%), and λCarra-IgY (7.0%). Only FIA-IgY significantly inhibited S. aureus growth in liquid medium.Conclusion: A specific IgY that was produced using the FIA adjutant inhibited S. aureus growth. Although water-soluble λ-carrageenan showed an adjuvant effect on anti-S. aureus IgY induction in egg yolk, but did not inhibit S. aureus growth. The use of the oil adjuvant FIA was necessary in the preparation of anti-S. aureus IgY as a treatment for AD symptoms.     

生物除臭剂对猪粪大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌含量的影响

为了对生物除臭剂的除臭机理进行初步研究,试验将制备的生物除臭剂接种新鲜猪粪,采用实时定量PCR技术(real-time PCR)测定了不同发酵时间猪粪中大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的含量。结果表明,制备的生物除臭剂对发酵猪粪中大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌均有一定的抑制作用,且持续时间较长。这些研究结果为微生态制剂除臭机理的初步研究提供了一定依据。     

Recent Advances in Drug Discovery from South African Marine Invertebrates

Recent developments in marine drug discovery from three South African marine invertebrates, the tube worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi, the ascidian Lissoclinum sp. and the sponge Topsentia pachastrelloides, are presented. Recent reports of the bioactivity and synthesis of the anti-cancer secondary metabolites cephalostatin and mandelalides (from C. gilchristi and Lissoclinum sp., respectively) and various analogues are presented. The threat of drug-resistant pathogens, e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is assuming greater global significance, and medicinal chemistry strategies to exploit the potent MRSA PK inhibition, first revealed by two marine secondary metabolites, cis-3,4-dihydrohamacanthin B and bromodeoxytopsentin from T. pachastrelloides, are compared.