不同稀释剂对猪冷冻精液的影响

手握法采集12月龄大约克种公猪精液,在37 ℃下离心,弃去精清,收集浓缩段富含精子部分,用7种不同的稀释液进行稀释,应用液氮熏蒸法制作颗粒冻精。结果表明,在7种稀释液中,7号稀释液 优于其他6种稀释液(p<0.05);与其他的冷冻保护剂相比,甘油的冷冻保护性能较好(p<0.01),其适宜浓度为2~4 ml·l-1;干解冻（40~45 ℃）效果优于湿解冻,解冻后精子活率达0.46~0.49（p<0.05）;稀释液中添加安钠咖可有效地延长精子的冻后存活时间(p<0.01)。     

家蚕交配囊精液的活化与人工授精

采用姬姆萨染色及显微镜下直接观察家蚕交配囊中精液,并用交配囊精液进行人工授精,研究发现：交配20~30min雌蛾交配囊中精液与雄蛾储精囊中精液一样,精液未被活化,含有大量有核精子束。用不同浓度的胰蛋白酶处理精液后在显微镜下观察与人工授精的结果显示,0.2μg/ml的胰蛋白酶处理精液受精卵得率最高。用胰蛋白酶、血纤维蛋白溶酶、胃蛋白酶及琥珀酸钠处理精液,仅胰蛋白酶能够在很好的溶解有核精子束的同时提高无核精子的运动性,也只有胰蛋白酶处理的精液人工授精能够得到受精卵。研究还发现经2倍稀释的精液人工授精效果最佳。     

转基因镜鲤精子保存及人工授精孵化试验研究

为提高鱼类的精子保存及授精孵化水平,对转基因镜鲤的精子在0.5%水解乳蛋白Hanks液中进行了常温(23℃)和冷藏(4℃)保存试验,并观察其活力及保持时间。结果表明,冷藏保存的精子不论其活力、活力持续时间及保存时间均好于常温保存的效果。对保存2d的精子进行了授精及孵化试验。结果表明,经保存的精子(2d)完全可以授精和孵化出苗。     

The Effects of Centrifuged Egg Yolk Used with INRA Plus Soybean Lecithin Extender on Semen Quality to Freeze Miniature Caspian Horse Semen

The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of centrifuged egg yolk (EY) and soybean lecithin on post-thaw Caspian horse sperm motility, morphological abnormalities, and assessment of membrane integrity. The centrifuged EY (CEY) was added at concentrations of 2% and 4% to a defined INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender used to freeze Caspian horse semen. In this experiment, ejaculates collected from each Caspian horse (n = 4) were divided into three equal aliquots and diluted in CEY 2% (INRA2), 4% (INRA4) supplemented, and without any CEY (INRA0) in INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender, respectively. Thereafter, samples were frozen and thawed following a standard protocol. Sperm cryosurvival was evaluated in vitro by microscopy assessments of post-thaw sperm motility (by means of computer-assisted semen motility analysis [CASA]), acrosomal and other abnormalities (head, mid-pieces, and tail) and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated by HOST). In Caspian stallion, semen extended with INRA2 had significantly higher CASA motility and CASA progressive motility than those extended with the rest of extenders after freezing and thawing (P < .001). There was no significant difference in path velocity (VAP), VCL, and ALH among three groups (P > .05). For straight line velocity (P < .01) and LIN (P < .001), the highest values were obtained from the INRA4 group. The highest percentages of acrosomal and other abnormalities were found in semen diluted in INRA4 (P < .001). In the group frozen INRA2, the percentage of membrane integrity was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < .001). The use of CEY 2% in combination with soybean lecithin significantly improved Caspian horse semen freezability.     

不同还原剂预处理精子对水牛ICSI介导转基因效果影响的初步研究

本研究探讨了还原剂β-巯基乙醇（β-ME）、二硫苏糖醇（DTT）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）预处理水牛精子对水牛ICSI介导转基因（ICSI-mediated gene transfer,ICSI-Tr）效果的影响。结果显示,β-ME、DTT和GSH预处理水牛精子对提高ICSI介导转基因的效果不显著（p〉0.05）,但GSH能显著提高2原核（PN）的形成率（p〈0.05）。     

不同孵育时间对猪精子转染外源DNA效果的影响

建立稳定的精子载体法技术体系对家畜的转基因育种等研究具有重要意义.为获得公猪精子与DNA最佳共孵育时间,优化建立猪精子载体法技术体系,本研究通过定量PCR、荧光显微镜检测和精液常规分析方法等,研究分析猪精子与DNA不同共孵育时间对猪精子活力、活率、DNA转染率、吸附DNA和内化DNA量的影响.结果表明,多聚乙烯亚胺(polyethyleneimine,PEI)包裹的标记DNA与精子共孵育15、30、60和90 min后,随着孵育时间的延长,精子活力和活率有极显著下降(P＜0.01),而精子转染率呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)上升,吸附外源DNA量和内化外源DNA量也呈上升趋势,但是30 min后不同孵育时间之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).此外,随着共孵育时间的延长,与精子转染率提高幅度相比,精子活力和活率的下降幅度更明显.综合考虑精子活力、活率、转染率、吸附DNA量和内化DNA量等参数,猪精子与外源DNA共孵育时间以30 min为最佳.     

Mate choice of an endogeic earthworm revealed by microsatellite markers

Endogeic earthworms are difficult study subjects due to the cryptic medium in which they live; thus, only the behaviour of epigeic and anecic earthworms has been studied before. We used microsatellite markers as a tool to elucidate the mate choice processes of Hormogaster elisae, an endogeic earthworm. It was shown to normally mate with two partners, preferably of the same size that are found in close proximity thereby eliminating the need for long-distance dispersion, which could explain the previously observed high genetic differentiation between populations. The genetic analyses of the sperm within each of its four spermathecae showed a uniform distribution with no signs of differential storage of sperm from different partners.     

氟对精子毒性作用的研究进展

氟是一种全身性毒物,除累及牙齿、骨骼外,还对非骨相的多种组织和器官有损害作用,氟对生殖系统的损伤作用已经引起了广泛的关注。从氟对动物精子及人类精子的毒性作用入手,探讨了氟对精子的毒性作用机理,以期人们能更深入地研究氟的生殖毒性机理。     

家畜性别控制技术的研究进展

从受精前的性别控制技术、受精后的胚胎性别鉴定技术和出生后的克隆技术3个方面,论述了家畜性别控制技术及其可能性。