鄂西南地区柚果实性状的分析比较

对鄂西南地区柚果实的果重、果形指数、种子数、维生素C、总糖、总酸等17个指标进行研究。结果表明:宣恩、来凤、宜昌等地,果实性状表现较优良的有宣恩的X金香柚、X李家河白柚、X台湾晚白柚、X广东沙田柚、X17和宜昌的Y杂、Y金香柚。     

鲁西南地区青山羊生产性能和繁殖性能研究

在收集鲁西南当地畜牧部门的养殖、育种资料及相关养殖场的原始记录基础上,采用普查与抽样调查相结合的方式,对鲁西南地区18个县(市)、5个区的青山羊地方品种的生产、繁殖性能进行了调查,结果表明6月猾子皮质量最好;青山羊成年板皮的面积接近波尔山羊;青山羊平均窝产2.82只,成活率达91%。     

黔西南太阳能密集烤房烘烤节能效果研究

在贵州黔西南州兴义市改建2栋普通密集烤房为太阳能密集型烤房。烘烤结果表明,太阳能密集型烤房烘烤烟叶质量好,与普通密集烤房(对照)所烤烟叶质量一致。太阳能密集型烤房烘烤节能效果显著,平均干烟叶用煤量较对照节省21.40%~26.31%,调制成本较对照低18.9%~22.9%。采用砖、砂、水泥等材料修建太阳能加热室,可大大降低太阳能加热室成本,平均干烟叶调制总成本较对照低,太阳能密集烤房在贵州省黔西南州具有一定的推广前景。     

基于“保护坝区农田与建设山地城镇”战略的滇西南山区城镇建设用地适宜性评价研究——以梁河县为倒

针对滇西南山区城镇建设的特殊性．构建不同于平原地区的山区建设用地评价指标体系,采用“极限条件法”与“适宜性指数法”。通过确定单项评价因子指数和综合性适宜指数,并借助GIS技术分析、评定每一评价单元图斑的建设用地适宜性及其适宜等级。建立的山区建设用地适宜性评价指标体系和评价方法适用于云南山区建设用地适宜性评价。可为云南省乃至全国类似山区推进坝区（平原区）耕地保护、促进城镇化科学发展的土地政策措施提供理论和技术支撑。     

中国西南地区刺结蚁属分类研究(膜翅目蚁科蚁亚科)

本文讨论了刺结蚁属的替代名。Acantholepis Mayr是Acantholepis Kroeyer的次同名,Lepisiota Santschi是Acantholepis Mayr的有效替代名。Baroniurbania Pagliano et Scaramozzino是Lepisiota Santschi的次异名。文中记述中国西南地区刺结蚁属Lepisiota Santschi昆虫3种:开普刺结蚁L.capensis(Mayr)新组合,尖齿刺结蚁L.acula新种和网纹刺结蚁L.reticulata新种。     

A serious canker disease caused by Immersiporthe knoxdaviesiana gen. et sp. nov. (Cryphonectriaceae) on native Rapanea melanophloeos in South Africa

Recent disease surveys in the Western Cape province of South Africa have revealed a previously unknown and serious stem canker disease on native Rapanea melanophloeos (Myrsinaceae, Ericales) trees. Cankers commonly result in the death of branches or entire stems. Fruiting structures typical of fungi in the Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers. In this study, the fungus was identified and its pathogenicity to R. melanophloeos was tested. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the partial LSU gene, ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA gene and two regions of the β‐tubulin (BT) gene, showed that the fungus represents a formerly undescribed genus and species in the Cryphonectriaceae. The fungus was also morphologically distinct from other genera in this family. Inoculation trials showed that the fungus described here as Immersiporthe knoxdaviesiana gen. et sp. nov. is an aggressive pathogen of R. melanophloeos trees.     

西南地区冬季气温时空特征分析

利用西南地区五省市区83个测站1961-2008年历年12月至次年2月月气温资料,采用EOF和REOF方法对冬季气温的空间异常特征、时间变化规律以及冬季气温对ENSO循环的响应进行了诊断分析研究.结果表明:西南地区冬季气温的主要异常模态表现为一致偏冷或偏暖型、东西反向型.西南地区冬季气温的异常敏感区域为盆地丘陵区、高原区、藏南区和高原东北区.20世纪60年代以来,西南地区冬季气温呈一致上升趋势,高原地区增温显著,盆地丘陵地区增温缓慢.西南地区冬季气温异常对ENSO循环不同位相的响应有一定的差别,El nino年,西南地区冬季气温东部偏高,高原地区偏低,东西响应呈反位相.La nina年,西南地区冬季气温以偏冷为主.     

Experimental Assessment of a New rDNA-Based Method for the Identification of Merluccius capensisand Merluccius paradoxusin Commercial Products

Abstract

There has been great interest in the identification of Cape hakes, Merluccius capensisand Merluccius paradoxus, by non-morphological methods. The information provided by a ribosomal DNA-based method will allow investigators to precisely identify the species of Cape hake in commercial samples. The first test consisted in the PCR amplification of a 193 bp fragment from the ITSl-rDNA to assess the presence of DNA from hakes. Positive tests were followed by a second test consisting of the amplification and digestion of the PCR fragment from the ITS1 sequence, to determine the identity of the commercial species. A single restriction enzyme provided full diagnosis of the species present in the samples. Since this new method is simple, reliable, and reproducible and can be performed in a working day, it allows the genetic traceability of Cape hakes across the food chain. This could also help management of the fisheries.     

The challenge of soil loss control and vegetation restoration in the karst area of southwestern China

Soil loss, both from surface soil loss and subsurface soil leakage, in the karst regions of southwestern China is a serious environmental problem that threatens sustainability in that region. The surface soil loss has been extensively studied, and many studies have been conducted to investigate the causes, impacts and mechanisms involved, but the study of subsurface soil leakage has received little attention due to the difficulties in studying the natural conditions. There is no consensus on the overall proportions between surface soil loss and subsurface soil leakage. To control soil loss, improve ecological restoration, and help locals out of poverty, the Chinese government carried out a series of ecological restoration projects in the karst regions of southwestern China starting in the 1980s. As a result, the intensity and areal extent of soil loss continues to decrease and the ecological situation is steadily improving. However, because of the fragile ecosystem in the karst regions, the soil loss control is a long-term task, and the soil loss in some karst regions continues to be a problem. Subsequently, we put forward some suggestions for the policy makers relative to conservation of soil loss and vegetation restoration. These suggestions include: (1) government, private organizations and individuals are encouraged to raise funds for soil loss control and vegetation restoration; (2) nature reserves should be established to increase biodiversity; (3) engineering projects such as small reservoirs, ponds, and flow diversion channels should be constructed in marginal karst regions.     

长江上游及西南诸河区水土流失现状与综合治理对策

长江上游及西南诸河区横跨我国地貌第1级台阶和第2级台阶,地形起伏显著,构造运动强烈,降雨集中,人类活动强度大,水土流失发育,侵蚀类型多样。该区水土流失的特点有：坡耕地分布广泛,侵蚀强烈,是水土流失的主要来源;泥石流、滑坡量大面广,活动频繁,威胁工程与公共安全;库区水土流失普遍发育,面源污染严重,威胁水库水质;江河源区冻融、水力、风力侵蚀交互作用,草地退化严重,降低生态功能;石漠化过程加剧,危及土地安全,导致区域贫困;工程建设规模巨大,侵蚀产沙剧烈,成为新增水土流失的重要因素。针对该区水土流失的特点,提出如下治理对策：进行以坡改梯和坡面水系建设为主的坡耕地综合整治;重点治理泥石流和滑坡,控制沟谷蚀;建设清洁小流域,综合控制面源污染;改良牧业生产方式,保护草地,修复生态;开展石漠化综合防治,抢救性保护土壤资源;加强水土保持预防监督,落实工程建设水土保持,有效减轻工程建设产生的水土流失。