新疆橐吾属（Ligularia Cass）新种

本文报道新疆橐吾属２新种，即新疆橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　Ｘｉｎ　ｊｉａｎｇ　ｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ　ｅｔ　Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ和天山橐吾Ｌｉｇｕｌａｒｉａ　ｔｉａｎｓｃｈａｎｉｃａ　Ｃ．Ｙ．ＹａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｌ．Ｋｅｎｇ。     

试论特早熟棉亚区棉花生产问题

结合新疆特早熟棉亚区的气候特点、植棉历史与现状，提出了该区在棉花品种选择上应突出早熟，抗病不是重点；栽培技术以促早熟为中心，近期应大力推广高密度、超宽膜，推行合理的作物布局及耕作制度，适当减少棉田面积；对病虫害实行综合防治等措施。     

新疆发展天然彩色棉产业一体化的初探

随着天然彩色棉及其产品的崛起，作为全国最大的产棉区，新疆迎来了天然彩色棉产业一体化发展。通过对新疆现有彩色棉品种、生产及新疆彩色棉花现状、新疆彩色棉花产业存在问题、彩色棉制品的市场的分析，初步探讨了彩色棉育种及新疆发展彩色棉产业一体化的对策，并对新疆天然彩色棉产业一体化进行了预测。     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

南疆植被总初级生产力对区域降水的响应规律

为研究总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)对区域降水的响应规律,本研究通过对南疆地区喀什、阿克苏、和田3个市2000—2014年的GPP进行分析,得出GPP的时空分布规律,进而与2000—2011年同期的降水进行耦合分析,以探寻植被GPP与降水之间的响应关系,从而为南疆地区植被生态保持和可持续发展提供依据。结果表明:1)从时间尺度来看,GPP呈现出与季节相关的波动性,年均GPP的极值点基本出现在每年的7月;2)在空间分布上,和田地区的GPP在空间上呈现北低南高的空间格局,阿克苏地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,并且在数值上存在较大的差异性,喀什地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,西北部GPP分布比较集中并有较高的值;3)变化趋势上,和田地区呈现上升趋势、阿克苏地区整体比较稳定、喀什地区呈现上升的趋势;4)研究区域内GPP与降水之间均为正相关关系。当降水滞后1个月时,和田及喀什GPP与降水之间的相关系数显著提高,但是阿克苏地区没有表现出时滞性,说明响应关系更加明显。     

Nitrogen leaching in response to increased nitrogen inputs in subtropical monsoon forests in southern China

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (as ammonium nitrate) was applied monthly onto the forest floor of one old-growth forest (>400 years old, at levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and two young forests (both about 70 years old, at levels of 50 and 100 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) over 3 years (2004–2006), to investigate how nitrogen (N) input influenced N leaching output, and if there were differences in N retention between the old-growth and the young forests in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China. The ambient throughfall inputs were 23–27 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the young forests and 29–35 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the old-growth forest. In the control plots without experimental N addition, a net N retention was observed in the young forests (on average 6–11 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but a net N loss occurred in the old-growth forest (−13 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Experimental N addition immediately increased DIN leaching in all three forests, with 25–66% of added N leached over the 3-year experiment. At the lowest level of N addition (50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the percentage N loss was higher in the old-growth forest (66% of added N) than in the two young forests (38% and 26%). However, at higher levels of N addition (100 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), the old-growth forest exhibited similar N losses (25–43%) to those in the young forests (28–43%). These results indicate that N retention is largely determined by the forest successional stages and the levels of N addition. Compared to most temperate forests studied in Europe and North America, N leaching loss in these seasonal monsoon subtropical forests occurred mainly in the rainy growing season, with measured N loss in leaching substantially higher under both ambient deposition and experimental N additions.     

应用单拷贝核基因标记研究我国欧洲山杨自然居群的遗传多样性

[目的]对分布于我国新疆地区欧洲山杨自然居群的遗传多样性与遗传分化进行研究。[方法]对4个欧洲山杨自然居群共72个个体的6个单拷贝核基因标记(sing-copy nuclear markers)进行扩增与测序,并计算相应的遗传多样性和遗传分化参数。[结果]表明:比对后6个基因的长度在459 bp到747 bp之间,平均多态核苷酸位点个数为14,遗传多样性指数π和θ_w分别达到了0.004 8和0.004 4,基因多样性指数为0.73,以上结果表明欧洲山杨表现出较高的遗传多样性水平。Tajima中性检验结果均不显著,表明所用6个单拷贝核基因均符合中性进化假设。AMOVA分析表明89.72%的遗传变异存在于居群内,居群间的平均遗传分化指数F_st为0.10,居群间平均基因流(Nm)为3.235。[结论]高度异交,高碱基突变率及超长距离的基因流机制能够很好的解释我国新疆地区欧洲山杨表现出的较高的遗传多样性水平与较低水平的遗传分化。     

新疆少数民族大学生中华优秀传统文化教育的思考

党的十七届六中全会指出了中华优秀传统文化的重要性。由于语言、宗教信仰等多种原因,新疆少数民族大学生对中华优秀传统文化知之甚少,难以把握中华优秀传统文化的内涵和精髓,对我国的传统节日也不予关注,缺少对中华优秀传统文化的认同感。中华优秀传统文化的传承是我国文化建设的一个重要部分,因此,新形势下加强新疆少数民族大学生中华优秀传统文化教育,显得十分必要。在对新疆少数民族大学生进行中华优秀传统文化教育时要考虑其特殊性,在教育内容选择和教育方法适用上有针对性的开展。     

新疆生产建设兵团耕地土壤养分现状及演变规律

为了调查掌握新疆生产建设兵团耕地土壤养分变化特征,探索提高耕地质量的方法和机制.运用土壤养分分级标准和数理统计方法对2005-2011年国家测土配方施肥财政专项补贴项目土壤理化数据进行统计分析.结果表明,新疆生产建设兵团13个农业师22个主要耕作土壤类型耕层土壤肥力水平表现为有机质3级、全氮2级、碱解氮3级、有效磷4级、速效钾3级、pH值中偏碱性.与第二次土壤普查数据比较,有机质、全氮、速效钾呈下降趋势,其中有机质下降幅度较小,速效钾下降幅度较大(31.66％);碱解氮、有效磷呈上升趋势,其中有效磷提高幅度较大(172.25％);pH值变化不大.根据兵团耕地土壤养分现状与演变特点,在今后农业生产中建议采取“调控氮素、稳定磷素、补充钾素”的施肥策略,同时全面实施秸秆还田和增施有机肥等培肥措施、科学有效地推进测土配方施肥技术,以达到土壤养分平衡发展,保证农业生产持续优质、高产、高效发展.     

新疆南疆棉农生产行为对土地退化影响分析

以2010年新疆南疆农户调查资料为基础,运用Logistic回归模型,对影响南疆土地退化的棉农生产行为进行研究.结果表明,棉农的文化程度、现有的棉花种植规模、作物种植模式、化肥的施用、地膜的残留、农业科技的培训与推广等因素对南疆棉田土地退化有显著影响.对此提出加大对棉农的教育与培训力度、优化棉花种植规模与模式、合理进行农资投入等措施以有效防治南疆土地退化.