铜的来源和水平对生长猪生长性能禾粪铜排出量的影响

选用平均体重29．6kg的三元杂（杜×大×长）生长猪144头，按随机区组设计分为6个处理。饲粮中分别添加0、100、200mg／kg硫酸铜、200mg／kg碱式氯化铜、100mg／kg小肽铜、100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜（以铜含量计）。结果表明：100mg／kg小肽铜和100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜均能有效提高生长猪日增重和日采食量，其促生长效果与200mg／kg硫酸铜无显著（P〉0．05）差异，而粪中铜含量分别下降了36．8％和48．4％（P〈0．05）。     

几种缓释肥的氮释放特性以及对草坪草生长的影响

实验室内采用水浸泡法对尿素、3种缓效肥和山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所研制(自研草坪肥)的缓效肥的初期溶出率和微分溶出率进行了测定.其中尿素的初期溶出率为22.75%,超出了国际上公认的缓/控释肥的初期溶出率小于15%的指标,而微分溶出率为0.22%,也小于国际上公认的缓/控释肥的微分溶出率(0.25%～2.5%)指标.其他几种缓释肥的初期溶出率为8.73%～14.42%,微分溶出率为0.30%～2.11%,符合国际上公认的缓/控释肥的初期溶出率和微分溶出率指标.田间试验比较和研究了尿素、3种缓效肥和山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所研制的缓效肥对草坪草的干草产量和养分含量的影响,尿素和包衣尿素处理的草坪草的生长量前期较高,后期产草量较低,呈马鞍型.其他处理的草坪草干草产量则比较平缓,肥料的氮释放特性与草坪草生长趋势相同.不同肥料处理对草坪草的中量、微量元素含量有一定的影响.     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

一种适用于双向电泳的家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白的制备方法

本文对适用于双向电泳的微孢子虫总蛋白提取方法进行了探讨。研究表明，采用液氮多次冻融结合手工研磨，再用裂解液抽提的方法能够得到产率较高且适用于双向电泳的家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.     

专用有机肥对荒漠植物梭梭的生长及耐旱性的影响

本研究探讨了武威市凉州区(中沙村、王庄村、长城乡)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)大田育苗时施用专用有机肥及与化学肥料混合施用对梭梭生长和耐旱性的影响。结果表明,1)施专用有机肥显著增加梭梭株高、分枝数、层数、主茎直径、冠幅、鲜重和干重;2)中沙村样地中施专用有机肥使梭梭地上部的Na+含量显著增加(P0.05);王庄村样地中施专用有机肥+磷酸二铵+尿素的处理显著增加了梭梭地上部的Na+、K+含量;长城乡样地中施专用有机肥+磷酸二铵+尿素处理使梭梭地上部K+含量显著降低(P0.05);3)施专用有机肥既节约成本又可减少化学肥料的使用。因此,施专用有机肥不仅促进梭梭生长,而且提高其耐旱性。     

陇东雨养农区紫花苜蓿叶片氮、磷、钾重吸收与生物固氮的偶联关系

叶片养分重吸收是植物提高养分利用效率、增强环境适应性的重要机制之一,易受多种因素影响。在豆科植物中,养分重吸收与生物固氮有何关联尚不可知。为揭示养分重吸收与生物固氮间的偶联关系,以陇东雨养农区已建植2、4、7、11和14年龄的陇东苜蓿草地为对象,测定了叶片N、P、K浓度及δ¹⁵N,分析了叶片N、P、K重吸收效率(NRE、PRE和KRE)、重吸收度(NRP、PRP和KRP)及其与生物固氮率的关系。随紫花苜蓿建植年龄增长,叶片NRE、PRE呈先增大后减小的趋势,NRE和PRE分别为36.5%(28.4%~43.4%)和52.6%(38.1%~68.2%),其中7年龄苜蓿的NRE和PRE最高;2、11和14年龄苜蓿KRE为17.8%(23.0%~27.5%),但4和7年龄为负值。随紫花苜蓿年龄变化,叶片NRP、PRP和KRP均无明显变化趋势。随紫花苜蓿年龄增长,生物固氮率先降低后升高,平均固氮率为51.0%,其中7年龄苜蓿的最低。紫花苜蓿生物固氮率与叶片NRE、PRE和KRP负相关,但与叶片KRE、NRP和PRP不相关。紫花苜蓿生物固氮与叶片的氮、磷、钾重吸收存在偶联关系,对氮、磷重吸收效率和钾重吸收度有显著影响。     

外源一氧化氮(NO)对低温胁迫下南瓜幼苗氧化损伤的保护效应

探讨外源 NO 供体硝普钠(SNP)对冷害胁迫下南瓜生长和氧化损伤的内在机制。以南瓜银辉2号和青栗为材料,通过室内人工模拟低温逆境的方法,研究 SNP(100 μmol/L)对冷害胁迫下南瓜幼苗生长、叶绿体色素含量、有机渗透调节物质含量及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,冷害导致南瓜幼苗活性氧积累增加,膜质过氧化加剧,光合色素含量下降,渗透调节能力降低,从而显著抑制南瓜幼苗的生长;正常生长条件下, SNP显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,显著增加幼苗地上和地下部干重及谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、类胡萝卜素和氨基酸总量;8 ℃/5 ℃(昼/夜)的低温胁迫下,叶面喷施外源100 μmol/L NO供体硝普钠(SNP),促进了植株生长和干物质积累,显著提高了叶片SOD、POD、APX 和GR的活性以及Pro和可溶性糖含量,减少了H₂O₂和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累;外源NO明显提高了南瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、抗坏血酸(ASA)、GSH和可溶性蛋白及氨基酸总量。低温胁迫下,外源NO通过促进抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂及有机渗透调节物质含量的提高,降低H₂O₂和MDA的积累,保护了细胞膜结构的稳定性,维持了冷害下南瓜幼苗碳氮代谢的正常进行,增强了南瓜的抗冷性。试验条件下,NO对银辉2号的促进作用大于青栗。     

PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2犬流感病毒复制能力和致病性的影响

H3N2犬流感病毒(canine influenza virus, CIV)已在中国多地的犬群中流行,是禽流感跨宿主感染并形成新分支的近期案例。研究表明,PA-X基因与甲型流感病毒适应新宿主的能力相关,且其长度能够影响甲型流感病毒的复制及致病能力。为了解PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2 CIV复制能力及致病力的影响,本研究利用H3N2 CIV的8质粒操作系统,拯救了三株重组H3N2 CIV毒株：PA-X基因表达大小为232个氨基酸多肽的亲本病毒CIV＿PA-X＿232;对PA编码区第191、192位氨基酸的密码子进行改造,PA-X基因不表达蛋白的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿Knock;对PA+1编码区第232位氨基酸进行突变,PA-X基因表达大小为252个氨基酸多肽的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿252。通过比较3株重组病毒的聚合酶活性,在MDCK细胞中的复制效率及对小鼠致病性的差异,来评价表达不同长度的PA-X基因对H3N2 CIV的影响。结果显示,CIV＿PA-X＿252和CIV＿PA-X＿Knock的聚合酶活性显著(P<0.05)高于CIV＿PA-X＿232,且CIV＿PA-X＿...