32P distribution in white radish roots at various fertilization rates

Abstract

The uptake and distribution of ³²P from labelled monocalcium phosphate by white radish (Raphanus Sativus) roots at five phosphorus fertilization rates were studied.

After on initial period of degradation (approximately 6 weeks), there is a sharp decline of phosphorus uptake. Graphical representation in Tables and Figures of the phosphorus distribution is presented.     

Inorganic N analysis of soil extracts by automated and distillation procedures

Abstract

A comparison was made of automated procedures and steam distillation for analysis of NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^‐ in KCl extracts of soils. Automated analysis of NH₄ ⁺ utilized the phenate‐hypochlorite reaction. Nitrate was analyzed by E. coli reduction of NO₃ ^‐ to NO₂‐which was then determined colorimetrically by reaction with sulfanilamide and napthylethylenediamine diHCl. Soil extracts were made with 1 M and 2 M KCl. Extracting with 1 M KCl was as effective as 2 M KCl. Extracts in 1 M KCl did not interfere with E. coli reduction of NO₃‐, but 2 M KCl did. The automated procedures when compared to distillation gave similar if not better precision and reduced variation particularly at low N concentrations. The automated procedure tended to give higher values at higher NO₃‐concentrations. Reduced time required for the analyses provided an additional advantage for the automated procedures.     

园地主要经济作物氮磷钾与PH相关性研究

为了解古田县果园作物土壤氮、磷、钾养分状况,探讨了果园土壤氮、磷、钾含量与土壤pH值之间的关系。结果表明,古田县园地土壤pH的平均值为5.07,处于酸性水平;全氮的含量均值为1.20g/kg,总体处于中等水平;供试园地土壤碱解氮均值为143.4mg/kg,处于中等水平;供试土壤有效磷均值为29.90mg/kg,处于丰富水平;速效钾含量均值为59.2mg/kg,处于严重缺乏水平。土壤中的氮、磷、钾养分状况与土壤中的pH值呈显著或极显著正相关。因此,改良土壤酸度是供试果园土壤改善氮、磷、钾养分供应的主要措施。     

缺磷胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的光抑制研究（一）

 经缺磷处理后,温州蜜柑叶片的表观量子效率（AQY）,最大荧光（Fm）,光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,光量子产量（Y）和电子传递速率（ETR）下降,而初始荧光（Fo）上升。净光合速率（Pn）和光呼吸速率（Pr）均下降。但Pr/Pn比值升高。表明缺磷处理后,温州蜜柑更易发生光合作用的光抑制。     

不同产田土壤速效磷对夏玉米的肥效分析

采用田间试验法,研究了磷肥对不同产田夏玉米性状、产量及产量构成因素的影响,旨为夏玉米合理施用磷肥提供科学依据。结果表明：高、中、低产夏玉米田最佳经济施磷量分别为50 kg/hm2、52 kg/hm2和47 kg/hm2。     

Effects of Carbofuran on Availability of Macronutrients and Growth of Tomato Plants in Natural Soils and Soils Amended with Inorganic Fertilizers and Vermicompost

The effects of lower field rate (LFR), field rate (FR), and higher field rate (HFR) applications of carbofuran on ammonium (NH₄)-nitrogen (N), nitrate (NO₃)-N, available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) contents in natural soils and those amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost on the growth of tomato plants were studied. The NH₄-N, NO₃-N, available P, and available K contents increased up to FR but the most significant increase in was observed at LFR of carbofuran application. At HFR there was a significant reduction in nutrient availability. With passage of time all these parameters increase up to 30 days; thereafter, a decrease was observed up to the end of the experiment in both unamended and amended soils. The greater plant growth was observed at LFR of carbofuran application and at HFR the plants exhibited phytotoxicity in the form of marginal leaf scorching in both systems. The morphological growth parameters of tomato plants were positively correlated with nutrients availability.     

彭州市丹景山镇典型农作物输出系数研究

农业非点源污染具有随机性大、分布范围广、危害性大等特点,已成为重要的环境污染方式。根据现场实测,分析了四川省彭州市丹景山镇不同作物田的总氮、总磷输出系数,探讨了不同作物及不同典型水文年输出系数形成差异的原因,完善了输出系数模型,为控制丹景山镇农业氮素、磷素的输出提供建议。     

低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响

[目的]研究低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响,确定造成紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[方法]将紫苏叶分别低温处理0、12、24、36、48和60 h,并测定其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖的含量,并考察2～5℃低温对紫苏叶片生理指标的影响,确定紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[结果]低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中叶绿素的含量,而且低温处理60 h的叶绿素含量减少非常明显;低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。[结论]低温处理超过48 h,紫苏就会受到伤害;低温处理时间达到60 h时,紫苏受到的伤害程度加重。     

Dynamics of arsenic-containing compounds sorption on sediments

Background  River and lake sediments constitute complex and difficult analytical samples. On the other hand, sediments play a fundamental role in the distribution of toxic compounds in aquatic systems and in the evaluation of the current state and the course of changes taking place in the environment. Among elements present in the environment in trace concentrations, but having well-elaborated toxic properties, one of most dangerous is arsenic. The element occurs in the environment in several chemical forms, predominant are inorganic forms of As(V) and As(III), and methylated forms such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Objectives  Reported herein are experiments, which were undertaken with the aim of examining the dynamics of arsenic sorption in sediments and its dependence on speciation of the element and the pH in the environment. Simultaneously, influence of organic matter content and chemical composition of the sediments on As sorption, were investigated. Methods  Sediment samples (upper 10 cm layer) were collected from three sites located in the vicinity of Cracow:

不同降水年型和施磷水平对小麦产量的效应

【目的】水肥是黄土旱塬小麦产量提高的两大限制因子。探讨长期定位施肥下不同降水年型和施磷水平对黄土高原旱作小麦产量效应,可为不同降水年型下合理施用磷肥和提高旱塬小麦产量提供理论依据。【方法】以黄土高原30年长期磷肥定位试验为基础,并将冬小麦生育年降水划分为干旱年型、平水年型和丰水年型,深入分析不同降水年型和施磷水平对小麦产量、产量构成因素及磷肥贡献率的影响。【结果】干旱年型下各处理的小麦产量、千粒重、穗粒数、公顷有效穗数与平水年型相比呈降低趋势,丰水年型下则呈增加趋势;与平水年型相比,干旱年型的肥料贡献率呈增加趋势,丰水年型的肥料贡献率呈降低趋势;干旱年型、平水年型、丰水年型以及30年均值中,随施磷水平的提高,小麦产量、千粒重、穗粒数呈现出先增后降的趋势;公顷有效穗数在干旱年型呈现先增后降的趋势,平水年型、丰水年型和30年均值中呈直线上升变化;磷肥贡献率在干旱年型呈现先增后降的趋势,平水年型呈现直线上升变化,丰水年型呈现直线下降变化。进一步对各处理的产量与产量构成因素相关分析可知,不同降水年型和施磷水平处理主要通过调控公顷有效穗数进而影响小麦产量,公顷有效穗数与干旱年型、平水年型、丰水年型和连续种植30年产量的偏回归系数分别为0.713、0.294、0.692和0.643。【结论】不同降水年型和施磷水平对小麦产量具有显著调控效应,不同降水年型下施磷水平在125—137 kg·hm~(-2)时小麦增产效果较好,且以连续种植30年施磷131 kg·hm~(-2)处理的增产效果最佳;降水年型和施磷水平主要通过调控小麦产量构成三因素中的公顷有效穗数而影响小麦产量。