地道潞党参营养特性与产地土壤特征研究

通过现场调查和实验室分析相结合的方法,对山西省潞党参营养特性和产地土壤特征进行了综合分析研究。结果表明,地道潞党参主要分布在海拔1000~1700 m的中低山上,降雨量大,气候冷凉湿润,昼夜温差大。产地土壤成土母质主要为黄土母质和堆垫母质,土壤类型为褐土性土,土壤质地以壤土为主,土壤有机质和有效养分含量高,形成地道潞党参生长独特的生态环境。地道潞党参营养元素中氮、磷、钾和铁、锰含量高,尤其是铁的含量较高,对部分微量元素有奢侈吸收的现象,而且主要分配到地下部分,形成地道潞党参独特的营养特性。     

高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率变化影响的研究

土壤电导率是表征土壤水溶性盐的一个重要指标,可反映土壤盐渍化程度.为了研究高寒草甸退化对土壤电导率的影响,以三江源区未退化高寒草甸和退化高寒草甸为研究对象,系统分析了退化高寒草甸的植被特征和土壤特征与土壤电导率的相互关系.结果表明:高寒草甸退化会对土壤电导率产生显著负影响,且土壤电导率与评价高寒草甸的退化指标植被盖度、...     

市郊菜园土壤污染及治理

针对衡阳市郊菜园土壤受到污染的实际，分析了主要污染源，提出了控制与治理污染的措施。     

增施氮肥和地面管理对酸樱桃园土壤营养状况的影响

在一个连续进行了 ８年Ｎ肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 Ｎ６０ ｋｇ· ｈｍ~(－２)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明：在肥沃土壤里ＮＨ_４~＋是速效Ｎ的主要存在形式,而ＮＯ_３~－的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 ＮＨ_４~－,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 ＮＯ_３~－。施肥增加土壤速效 Ｎ的含量。土壤 ＮＯ_３~－的季节性变化表明 ５至 ６月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－的含量高,而花前和 ７月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－含量低。 Ｐ、Ｋ在清耕带 １０ ｃｍ以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 ０～ １０ｃｍ土层中Ｋ的含量高于生草地。Ｐ的含量不受影响。施Ｎ减少了土壤Ｐ、Ｋ的含量。土壤中Ｍｇ的含量分布均匀,不受施Ｎ和地面管理制度的影响。     

东河早藕土壤养分限制因子试验

通过土壤养分限制因子试验,对比了不同配方施肥条件下东河早藕田间植物学性状、生育期和经济性状的差异.试验结果表明,缺氮、磷、钾肥对东河早藕的生长发育及产量形成具有明显的抑制作用,且效果由大到小顺序为氮肥、钾肥、磷肥.针对浙中地区部分土壤缺锌,补施锌肥能促进东河早藕早熟高产.     

云南金沙江干热河谷油橄榄不同材料覆盖后土壤养分的变化

在云南省金沙江干热河谷的油橄榄园进行了4种不同材料的覆盖试验,分析不同材料覆盖后,土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量的变化。结果表明,覆盖处理提高了油橄榄园土壤中有机质的含量,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量变化不大,速效养分增加明显。与对照(空白)相比,秸秆覆盖的效果最明显,使有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别增加66.85%、62.67%、近20倍和83.68%。     

Long term fertilization effects on ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit yield and shape on a heavy textured calcareous soil

Fertilizer recommendations for citrus production on heavier textured, calcareous soils increase with the age of the tree up to 168 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from a soluble source in one or two applications. Such practices may be inefficient and could cause detrimental effects on fruit quality. A variety of fertilization practices are used in South Texas, and additional evaluation is needed. Rates and sources of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and a commercial program consisting of both a soil component containing organic acids and a foliar component were evaluated on grapefruit production for 6 years. Increasing rate of N application increased leaf nutrient concentration, grapefruit yield, and affected fruit shape as indicated by a decrease in the equatorial:polar diameter (E:P) ratio. Since the response to increasing N application by the E:P ratio was linear while grapefruit yield was quadratic, high N application has a negative effect on fruit shape beyond the level of increasing total yield. Phosphorus application had no effect on any parameter measured, even though soil testing indicated soil P levels were below those at which a P response would be expected. Comparisons between granular 21-0-0 applied broadcast and liquid N-32 injected in a band in the soil at the drip line showed an increase in the number of fruit per tree, but no differences in yield. The ‘Actagro’ program greatly improved available soil P levels and increased the juice brix:acidity ratio, but did not affect grapefruit yield. Phosphorus availability may therefore be a factor in improving grapefruit juice quality. The soil profile within the citrus root zone was found to contain large amounts of inorganic N, but availability of this residual N was limited since yield responses occurred at the N application rates applied in this study. The amount of N contained in the fruit harvested was a small fraction, roughly 5–10%, of the residual amount in the soil. While N uptake in the fruit increased with N fertilizer application, the increase in N taken up relative to the amount applied averaged 42%.     

新疆安集海灌区膜下滴灌棉田根系层土壤盐分多尺度空间分布特征

明晰土壤盐渍化空间分布特征是盐碱地改良的基础.与单一尺度相比,嵌套多尺度研究可更好地分析土壤盐分的空间变异结构特征,更精确地表达盐渍化程度的自相关随尺度的变化情况.采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,通过野外实地分层采集土样,分析了4 km、500 m和100 m三个嵌套尺度条件下,新疆安集海灌区膜下滴灌棉田根系层土...     

棉隆熏蒸土壤消毒后对土传病害防治效果的影响研究

[目的]了解98%棉隆对保护地土传病害的防治效果,为保护地土传病害防控提供科学依据和技术支持。[方法]通过应用不同浓度的棉隆对大棚土壤进行消毒,对主要土传病害进行数据分析和产量调查。[结果 ]施用25 g/m²棉隆即可达到理想效果。[结论]棉隆土壤消毒剂对防治番茄织球壳菌萎蔫病、茄子黄萎病、辣椒疫病、根结线虫等土传病害均能取得良好效果,可显著提高作物产量。     

Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h⁻¹) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.