Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical and morphologic findings in nine affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dogs

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog. ANIMALS: Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study. PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain. RESULTS: The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs. CONCLUSION: The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular.     

姜田土壤特性对南方根结线虫密度的影响

对山东省姜田土壤特性与南方根结线虫密度进行了逐步回归和通径分析 ,同时进行了曲线拟合处理。表明 :土壤总空隙度 37.91%、有机质含量 3.16 %、有效磷含量 130 .6 9× 10 - 6 、有效铁含量 14 5 .93× 10 - 6 和有效锰含量 4 8.6 0× 10 - 6 时南方根结线虫密度最低 ,有效钾含量在 2 4 3.6 2× 10 - 6 时南方根结线虫密度最高。提出适当降低土壤总空隙度和有效钾含量 ,尽可能提高土壤中有机质、有效磷、有效铁和锰含量的土壤改良方案。     

变截面板簧轧机电液伺服系统性能分析

设计了变截面板簧轧机电液伺服系统,该系统采用了工控机和PLC组成的两级计算机控制方式。建立了由电液伺服阀、伺服液压缸和轧辊组成的伺服控制系统数学模型。在分析系统的稳态性能和动态性能基础上,采用PID校正方式,进一步增大了系统的剪切频率,缩短了调节时间,降低了稳态误差。结果表明轧机电液伺服系统的稳定性好、控制精度高,达到了设计目的。     

仿生式开沟机设计理论的研究

为了提高机器开挖土壤沟渠的效率，仿照人工开沟方式设计了一种仿生式开沟机。介绍了仿生式开沟机的结构和工作原理；对开沟机进行了运动学分析，给出了基本运动参数的求法，为开沟机设计提供了理论依据。     

不同有机肥对土壤及核桃果实品质的影响

为探究‘辽宁1号’核桃较适宜的有机肥种类及施肥方式,以‘辽宁1号’核桃树为试验材料,利用半焦肥、鸡粪及生物菌肥三种有机肥进行施肥处理,检测不同有机肥对土壤及核桃产量品质的影响。结果表明,生物菌肥施肥能显著提高果仁黄酮含量;鸡粪能显著提高果仁Fe、Zn含量以及土壤速效磷、速效钾含量;5.0 kg半焦肥能显著提高果仁多酚、土壤有机质含量;10.0 kg半焦肥施肥能显著提高核桃单果重、横径、脂肪含量,矿质元素中K、Ca、Mg、Cu的含量以及土壤全磷含量。综合比较,10.0 kg/株半焦肥施肥对核桃相关果实品质的影响较大;根据隶属函数分析得出10.0 kg/株半焦肥施肥是较优施肥方式。     

海南荔枝主产区果园土壤养分状况分析

调查分析海南荔枝主产区荔枝园土壤养分状况,为荔枝的养分管理与合理施肥提供理论依据和科学指导。选择具有一定种植规模、有代表性的荔枝园 49 个,采集0~30 cm土层土壤样品进行养分丰缺状况的测试分析各种性质。结果表明,海南荔枝园土壤pH大部分呈酸性,16.3 % 荔枝园土壤pH适宜荔枝生长,土壤阳离子交换量为中等水平,63.3 % 果园土壤有机质含量处于适宜值及以上;土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量丰富;土壤交换性钙、有效硫含量丰富,42.7 % 果园土壤交换性镁含量缺乏,4.1 % 果园极缺乏;土壤微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌、钼含量较为丰富,但73.5 % 果园土壤有效硼含量低于适宜值。不同产区荔枝园土壤养分状况存在差异,海口果园土壤有机质和有效养分氮、钾、钙、镁含量最高,约2/3产区果园土壤偏缺交换性镁,仅海口、澄迈、定安土壤交换性镁含量在适宜值以上,各产区荔枝园土壤有效铁、锰、铜、锌、钼微量元素丰富,土壤有效硼在琼海果园含量丰富,澄迈、万宁、陵水、儋州、白沙荔枝园土壤有效硼偏缺。综合分析可知,各产区土壤肥力由高到低依次为：海口>定安>澄迈>文昌>琼海>儋州>万宁>陵水>白沙。综上所述,海南荔枝园应根据土壤养分情况平衡施肥,改良土壤酸度,增施有机肥,重视镁、硼肥施用,适当减施化肥以获得更好的产量效应。     

长期秸秆掩埋配施氮肥对土壤细菌群落特征的影响

为揭示典型潮土微生物群落及其生态网络对秸秆还田的响应机制,选择长期小麦-玉米轮作下不同秸秆还田处理的试验地为对象,应用高通量测序和生态网络等方法,阐明秸秆掩埋配施不同氮肥后土壤细菌群落组成、细菌网络共存关系以及与土壤养分的关联。结果表明：（1）与秸秆移除且不施氮肥处理相比,秸秆还田配合常规施肥处理显著降低土壤pH,提高了土壤全氮、有机碳、有效磷、速效钾和硝态氮含量（P < 0.05）。秸秆掩埋配施氮肥有利于增加土壤养分含量。（2）不同秸秆还田方式和氮肥施用量处理的细菌Alpha多样性无显著差异,而细菌群落结构差异显著。pH、SOC和TN等因子驱动了细菌群落结构变异。酸杆菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门是潮土细菌群落的主要优势菌门。（3）共现网络分析得到4个主要的生态集群,均与土壤养分有显著相关性。模块1中物种丰度与SOC、TN、TP、NO3- -N、AP和AK呈极显著负相关（P < 0.001）,与pH呈极显著正相关（P < 0.001）;模块2和模块3中物种丰度与大部分养分含量呈正相关,与pH呈负相关。因此秸秆还田配施氮肥可以通过调节细菌互作关系,从而调控土壤肥力。研究结果可为秸秆的资源化利用和土壤施肥管理提供科学依据。     

滇东地质高背景区土壤镉的伴矿景天修复及其对后茬水稻的影响

云南是我国典型的重金属元素地球化学高背景区,超积累植物能否有效修复镉（Cd）地质高背景土壤,从而实现农产品安全生产,尚鲜见报道。以云南石林、富源和罗平等三地的典型Cd地质高背景农田土壤为对象,开展温室盆栽试验,探究Cd、锌（Zn）超积累植物伴矿景天对土壤Cd的吸取修复效果,及对后茬水稻生长和Cd吸收的作用。结果表明,种植三季伴矿景天使三地土壤全量Cd分别下降24.8%、30.9%和58.8%;伴矿景天在富源玄武岩风化物母质发育的土壤上长势最好,与富源土壤肥力相对最高有关;伴矿景天在罗平石灰岩风化物发育的土壤上重金属吸取修复效果最佳,与罗平土壤呈中性、酸化作用更为明显有关,这些差异由土壤母质、养分与重金属有效性等综合影响所致。经伴矿景天吸取修复三季后,全生育期淹水种稻,其糙米和秸秆Cd浓度均大幅降低,可实现糙米Cd安全生产。未经植物吸取修复,旱作处理下水稻糙米Cd存在超标风险。植物吸取修复后种植水稻,再结合水分管理措施,可进一步降低稻米中Cd浓度,实现稻米安全生产,为Cd地质高背景区土壤的农作物安全生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

Enhancement of revegetation on construction fill by fertilizer and topsoil application: Effect on mycorrhizal infection

The influence of topsoil and fertilizer application on denuded road construction sites was evaluated to assess its contribution to improvement of vegetation re-establishment. the study sites were within a mixed hardwood and conifer forest on crushed, unweathered subsurface material with low fertility and low biological activity. Topsoils were removed from the site, stockpiled and reapplied to the site after construction. the effect of topsoil amendment on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and an index of microbial biomass were measured in field and greenhouse experiments. Plant growth on the topsoil amended field plots were greatly increased relative to treatments with fertilizer but no topsoil. Three years after establishment, dry weight production on the plots without topsoil treatment was about 40 per cent of the plots treated with topsoil. Greenhouse experiments were designed to compare fresh, dried and stockpiled topsoil. These experiments indicated that storage of the harvested topsoil for five months in a stockpile had minor effects on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and microbial biomass. Topsoil volumes had to exceed 20 per cent of the total soil volume to achieve statistically significant benefits and higher ratios showed greater benefit. the percentage of mycorrhizal infection was greatest in topsoil treatments without fertilizer. the addition of fertilizer increased growth but reduced the percentage of roots forming mycorrhizae. When the total weight of infected roots was calculated, however, infection was found to be greatest with a moderate level of fertilizer (equivalent to approximately 27 kg N ha⁻¹ and 39 kg P ha⁻¹), and was less in both higher fertilizer treatments and in unfertilized treatments. Topsoil amendment increased microbial biomass nitrogen but fertilizer treatment did not.