费氏中华根瘤菌HN01pmrA所在基因簇的结构分析

经原位杂交,从费氏中华根瘤菌HN01基因组文库中钓出含有pmrA基因的阳性克隆pGXHN 300,对其进行亚克隆测序得到pm rA两翼6.8 kb的DNA序列。生物信息学分析显示,该序列包括6个完整的ORF和1个不完整ORF。pm rA所在的基因簇含有4个ORF:ORF a、ORFb、ORF c、ORFd(pm rA)。其中,ORF a与Rh izobium etli的cy sG(CAA 04958.1)在氨基酸水平一致性为79%,相似性为87%。对ORF c序列分析发现与亚硫酸及亚硝酸还原相关的保守结构域。通过融合PCR方法,将两个潜在的启动子序列分别连在gus上游,以pTR102为载体导入HN 01中。在完全培养基YMA上两个启动子均不表达,在以硝酸钠为氮源,亚硫酸钠、硫酸钠或甲硫氨酸分别为硫源的MM培养基上生长均表达出GU S活性,表明这两个潜在的启动子与硫、氮代谢相关。     

Distribution and biodiversity of soybean rhizobia in the soils of Shennongjia forest reserve,China

Soil samples were collected at an altitude of 500, 1,060, 1,500, 1,950, 2,400 and 3,100 m, respectively, from Shennongjia, a forest reserve in Hubei province (central China). Their corresponding pHs were 5.50, 4.91, 5.64, 5.28, 5.49 and 4.60. By using a plant trap method, a total of 25 soybean rhizobia were isolated from the soil above an altitude of 1,500 m and all identified to be Sinorhizobium fredii. Their genetic biodiversity was characterized by 16S–23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and random amplification DNA (RAPD) analysis. All the tested strains produced a 2.1 kb 16S–23S rDNA ITS fragment. After digestion with three restriction endonucleases (HaeIII, MspI and CfoI), respectively, great variations in 16S–23S rDNA ITS PCR-RFLP patterns were observed. The tested strains could be differentiated into 11 ITS genotypes. The genotypes of rhizobia were not related to geographical location. Twelve primers were applied to RAPD analysis and a dendrogram was obtained, showing that all the strains (including reference strain S. fredii USDA205) were divided into two diverging groups. Moreover, each group could be further divided into two subgroups. Both RAPD and 16S–23S rDNA ITS PCR-RFLP analysis indicated that a high degree of genetic diversity existed among S. fredii strains isolated from Shennongjia virgin soils. Since Shennongjia is an unexploited forest region in central China and the gene centre of soybean is located in China, the symbiotic genes harboured by these strains may be of great importance and the rich diversity of these strains might contribute to the adaptation of soybean to an alpine environment.     

磁化水对根瘤菌和生防枯草杆菌的生物效应

以苜蓿根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)XGL026和生防枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)2-4菌株为材料,研究4 000Gs和20 000Gs的磁处理水对其生长和功能的影响。结果表明,4 000Gs磁场强度下处理的磁化水对苜蓿根瘤菌生长繁殖有明显促进作用,菌体繁殖速度加快,培养液浓度增加,活菌数显著提高。4 000Gs磁化1次(T1)、2次(T2)和3次(T3)处理活菌数最大值分别较对照(普通水)增加11.02%、76.92%、72.47%,T2、T3处理缩短了达到最高活菌数的时间。苜蓿盆栽试验表明磁化水处理的单株结瘤数较对照平均增加5~11个;接种T3磁化水培养的根瘤菌+T3磁化水浇灌处理,苜蓿结瘤数的增加幅度最显著(P0.01)。试验发现,4 000Gs磁化1次(T1)、2次(T2)的磁处理水对枯草杆菌前期生长速度有一定延缓,但对生长量影响不大。4 000Gs磁化3次(T3)和20 000Gs磁化1次(T4)的磁处理水对枯草杆菌的整个生长期都有显著的抑制作用,活菌数较对照降低33.17%和93.52%(P0.01)。平板对峙试验测定磁处理水培养的枯草杆菌对棉花黄萎病菌的抑菌效果显示,与对照相比,T1磁处理水对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌能力有一定增效作用,而T3和T4磁处理水培养的枯草杆菌对棉花黄萎菌的抑菌效果显著减弱(P0.01)。