Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.     

不同青贮饲料日粮对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响

根据胎次相同、产奶量、泌乳时间相近的原则选择泌乳中前期奶牛30头,随机分为2组,每组15头,分别饲喂全株玉米青贮和小麦青贮饲料,研究其对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响.结果发现,与全株玉米青贮相比,小麦青贮组奶牛产奶量提高0.26kg/d,乳脂率、乳糖、非脂固形物和总固体均有提高,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);小麦青贮替代全株玉米青贮可实现每头奶牛每天多盈利0.31元.结果表明,小麦青贮替代全株玉米青贮能够提高奶牛产奶量和改善乳成分.     

用压力传感器产气技术评定玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的组合效应

采用压力传感器体外产气技术,研究了玉米秸秆添补不同比例0(AH0)、20%(AH20)、40%(AH40)、60%(AH60)、80%(AH80)与100%(AH100)苜蓿(AH)在产气量上的组合效应。各组的组合效应均在24h达到最大值,24h后则随培养时间的延长而下降,但只有AH40组,亦即当苜蓿添加比例占"玉米秸秆-苜蓿"组合的40%时达到显著水准(P<0.05),且以AH40组下降较慢,在48h仍达到显著水准(P<0.05)。就单一的产气指标而言,玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的比例以占整个日粮总量的40%为宜。     

复合菌剂及酸化剂对玉米秸秆青贮有氧暴露后的影响

为探讨复合菌剂和酸化剂对玉米秸秆青贮有氧稳定性及有氧暴露期间微生物数量、pH值、粗蛋白、干物质量的影响,以玉米秸秆为青贮原料,设置3个处理:对照组、复合菌剂组、复合菌剂+酸化剂组.青贮90 d.有氧暴露1、3、7、11 d分别取样测定微生物数量、pH值、粗蛋白、干物质量.结果显示,与对照组相比,复合菌剂组、复合菌剂+酸...     

基于生命周期评价的相同食物当量玉米与紫花苜蓿生产环境影响比较研究

为了探讨种植业结构调整对于我国环境的影响,本研究运用生命周期评价方法,计算了甘肃省民勤县农户水平2014与2015年从农资生产到农户入仓范围生产1 kg玉米籽粒及1 kg紫花苜蓿鲜草的环境影响,并使用基于蛋白质和热量的计量单位—食物当量(FEU),比较分析了1个FEU玉米籽粒和紫花苜蓿生产的全生命周期环境影响差异。结果表明,生产1 kg玉米籽粒和1 kg紫花苜蓿鲜草全生命周期的一次性能源消耗(PED)分别为9.35和1.22 MJ,水资源消耗(WU)分别为889.33和144.37 kg,矿物和化石资源消耗(DAR)分别为0.13和0.02 kg antimony-eq,气候变化潜值(GWP)分别为1.21和0.10 kg CO₂-eq,可吸入无机物(RI)分别为4.23×10^-3和1.88×10^-4 kg PM_2.5-eq,光化学臭氧合成(POFP)分别为2.41×10^-3和1.71×10^-4 kg NMVOC-eq,环境酸化潜值(AP)分别为8.55×10^-3和8.03×10^-4 kg SO₂-eq,淡水富营养化(FEP)分别为1.20和0.09 kg P-eq,生态毒性(ecotoxicity)分别为1.26×10^-2和1.49×10^-3 CTU。1个FEU紫花苜蓿生产的PED、WU、DAR、GWP、RI、POFP、AP、FEP和ecotoxicity则分别为玉米籽粒的20.50%、25.43%、21.08%、12.99%、6.98%、11.15%、14.76%、12.31%和18.58%。因而考虑到苜蓿的食物-经济比较优势,目前应给予其不少于粮食作物的种植补贴。并且如果将我国的部分玉米种植改为苜蓿种植,则是最便捷、经济的既能满足我国食物结构需求,又能减少农业生产的资源消耗与环境污染的措施。本研究同时也为在我国深入开展粮改饲提供了一定的立论基础。     

紧实度对青贮玉米有氧稳定期发酵品质、微生物数量的效应研究

本研究旨在分析不同紧实度对全株玉米青贮有氧暴露期间发酵品质和微生物变化的影响,为生产实践选择适宜的青贮紧实度提供参考。以新饲玉10号青贮玉米为材料,发酵装料密度设计为5个梯度(350,400,500,600,700 kg/m³),发酵期为50 d,检测开窖后各紧实度处理第12,24,36,60,108 h青贮发酵品质和主要微生物的变化,并用多通道温度记录仪监测温度变化。结果表明,有氧暴露时间与紧实度的交互作用对pH、乳酸、乙酸和氨态氮含量以及乳酸菌、霉菌、酵母菌和好氧细菌数量产生极显著影响(P<0.01)。开窖108 h后,紧实度为600 kg/m³青贮饲料的乳酸菌数量最多,达到8.17 lg cfu/g FW,其pH值和氨态氮含量最低,霉菌和酵母菌数量最少,分别为5.38和7.72 lg cfu/g FW;且紧实度600 kg/m³有氧暴露后稳定的时间显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),达到100 h。通过综合评价,在有氧暴露后紧实度为600 kg/m³的全株玉米青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性最好,建议600 kg/m³为全株玉米最佳青贮紧实度。     

添加剂对不同比例豆禾混贮饲料品质的影响

本试验以豆禾混播牧草为原料,研究蔗糖、复合菌和蔗糖+复合菌3种添加剂对混贮饲料品质的影响。结果表明:添加剂可明显降低混贮饲料的pH值,同时增加乳酸含量,降低氨态氮与总氮之间的比例,起到改善豆禾混贮饲料品质的作用。青贮发酵后,W12组合pH值为3.78,氨态氮与总氮的比为6.14%,乳酸含量高,达8.45%,发酵品质较好。     

金荞麦和玉米混合青贮对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响

将初花期金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara.)与青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)按比例混合青贮,通过感官评价、营养成分分析和有机酸含量比较,探究两者的最佳青贮混合比例。试验设金荞麦与青贮玉米混合的比例共6组,分别为100:0(CK),10:90(A),30:70(B),50:50(C),70:30(D)和90:10(E),青贮40天后开封检测。结果表明:随着金荞麦比例的增加,青贮饲料感官品质下降,pH显著升高(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的含量均显著提高(P0.05),粗脂肪、干物质含量显著下降(P0.05)。通过对青贮饲料有机酸含量进行评价,其变化情况与感官评价及pH变化一致,即金荞麦比例越高,评价得分越低。综合考虑,青贮饲料中金荞麦比例不宜过高,从金荞麦利用最大化角度出发,以B组比例青贮为佳。