农业土地规模经营的理论探讨

实现农业土地规模经营,有利于生产力有效运转并取得最佳的规模效益。其适度性受各种因素的影响,具有区域性和动态性。规模经营与劳动生产率有着密切的关系,应该在确保提高土地生产率的基础上来提高劳动生产和土地规模经营的效益。土地适当集中、土地经营主体的总人数尽量精简和劳动组合的优化是优化土地经营规模的三个相互制约的因素。要采取积极的措施逐步实现土地的规模经营。对现有土地经营形式要做具体分析,其调整应从有利于生产力发展出发,在尊重群众意愿的基础上稳步进行。     

小流域治理成果的开发利用途径

根据市场经济的要求和目前小流域治理中普遍存在的高投入、低效益问题，提出以市场经济为导向，通过合理开发利用治理成果，优化组合资源、资金、劳力、技术等生产要素，努力发展商品生产，提高小流域治理的经济效益。结合各地实践，总结出基本农田的集约经营、水保林的经营增值、水保草的养畜转化、非生产地的开发利用、转化产品的加工增值和疏通流通渠道六条开发利用途径。     

新疆森工技术进步贡献份额的测算

新疆森工企业是新疆林业的重要组成部分。森工技术进步率是全面考核林业综合水平的重要指标之一。本文根据新疆森工统计资料，首次采用增长速度方程、综合要素生产率指数、总因子生产率指数三种模型测算了新疆森工技术进步贡献份额（１９８１年到１９８６年）。结果表明，新疆森工年均技术进步率在０．５％～０．５２２％之间，技术进步对森工总产值增长的贡献份额在３４％～３６％之间。     

水分对硝酸磷肥中氮的扩散及其肥效的影响

国产硝酸磷肥含氮27%,磷13.5%。所含速效氮中硝态氮均占一半。研究麦田不同水分对硝酸磷肥中硝态氮在土壤中扩散结果显示,硝态氮在土壤中下移深度与土壤湿润峰的深度基本一致,在小麦越冬期有表聚现象。当灌水量为田间持水量时,硝态氮移动深度为40～50cm,是在主要根系活动层内,这对小麦吸收有利,不会产生氮的流失。等氮磷条件下,硝酸磷肥与磷铵加尿素在北方地区有同样肥效。     

平潭县燕下埔沙荒风口综合治理试验初报

对燕下埔沙荒风口地段的综合治理试验结果表明：风口造林要取得成功，除了要采取必要的生物措施，更为重要的是应设置具有一定疏透度的风障以降低风沙危害，提高造林成活率。     

Effect of Completion of Vernalization on Generative Development of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) Plants

Germinating seeds and young plants of winter rape var. Górczañski were vernalized for 56–63 days under conditions of 9-hour day, at the temperature 2 and 5 °C and in continuous darkness at the temperature 2 °C. After vernalization the plants grew under conditions enabling to complete vernalization: in a glass-house at the temperature day/night 15/10 °C and in semi natural conditions of open vegetation hall in the period from June till August. After sub-optimal vernalization further growth of the plants at lowered temperature increased its effectiveness (completion of vernalization). Depending on the degree of the vernalization of the plants the completion of their vernalization was both obligatory, i.e. conditioning the acquisition of the ability of generative development, and facultative i.e. accelerating this development. It has been demonstrated that the population of plants of the examined variety is strongly differentiated not only with respect of vernalization requirements in the particular plants, but also what regards the effectiveness of vernalization completion. New observations have been made indicating that the mechanisms controlling the successive phases of generative development, i.e. phase of forming flower buds and the flowering phase are not identical which may be interpreted as indicating that the "flowering factor" is polymorphous.     

钢管混凝土拱桥的施工监控技术

钢管混凝土是由混凝土填入薄壁钢管而形成的一种组合材料。在桥梁结构上,钢管混凝土主要应用于拱桥。目前,大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥主要采用缆索吊装-斜拉扣定施工新技术,拱桥的线形通过实测每节钢管拱的标高及拱轴线位置,并借助扣索实施动态调整来保证。为此,介绍了钢管混凝土拱桥施工过程的监控技术,从而指导施工,以确保拱桥建成后满足设计要求。     

Issues and Some Strategies of Sustainable Development of Black Soil Resources in Black Soil Zone in Northeast China

黑土资源是世界的稀缺资源,黑土带的水土流失、环境污染、土地流转、土地退化问题成为黑土资源可持续发展的障碍。根据实地调研结合资料,分析了东北黑土带土地资源可持续发展的主要问题;提出了黑土资源的可持续发展对策,即:加强农业发展规划;保护黑土区耕地,农耕技术上改进,加强农田基本建设等。     

太湖麇鹿一雌哺乳三仔的行为剖析

苏州西山太湖麋鹿园的麋鹿一雌同时哺乳三仔的行为，仔鹿共表现出四种吮乳模式：即一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部右侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左右侧各一头吮乳；三仔鹿分别立于哺乳雌鹿的后侧、左侧和胸腹下方吮乳。太湖麋鹿一雌哺乳三仔的特殊行为的表现，既取决于鹿群的生活空间和鹿群的密度，又与哺乳雌鹿摄入的饲料质量相关联，同时也与仔鹿一时饥饿而又无法寻找到自己的母亲哺乳有关。     

Quantitative site classification in the key county in the conversion of farmland to forests project

According to the requirements of the conversion of farmland to forests project (CFFP), we investigated the vegetation factors and environmental factors from more than 6,105 sub-compartments in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia by using the Matlab, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hierarchical cluster method (HCM). The site conditions were classified quantitatively. The results show that CFFP at this site comprises five site-type groups and 19 site types. A quantitative site classification system method has been established in this paper. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6) [译自: 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6)]