城市污泥与玉米秸秆堆肥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究

将城市污泥与玉米秸秆进行自然通风堆肥处理，应用GC/MS检测方法对污泥堆肥中的多环芳烃化合物(PAHs)进行了分析。污泥堆肥中PAHs的含量较低，ΣPAHs和ΣPAHs_carc分别为0.561 mg/kg和0.107 mg/kg，绝大部分PAHs化合物的含量低于0.050 mg/kg，含量较高的主要是中、低分子量的化合物。PAHs的降解效果显著，ΣPAHs和ΣPAHs_carc的降解率在80%左右，绝大部分化合物的降解率在50%以上，中等分子量的3个和4个苯环的化合物的降解效果相对较好。污泥堆肥中PAHs的含量、分布模式及其降解效果与原污泥中PAHs的特征密切相关。     

农业废弃物两相厌氧处理技术的研究

以两只750mlUASB反应器分别作为酸化相和甲烷相进行农业废弃物厌氧处理的研究,两相中,都培养出了颗粒污泥。酸化相有机负荷达240kgCOD/m³[bed]·d,HRT=1.6h,酸化率66％,COD去除率4％～8％,甲烷相有机负荷达88kgCOD/m³[bed]·d,HRT=3.7h,COD去除率大于85％。两相COD总去除率大于90％,总有机负荷60kgCOD/m³[bed]·d。并结合扫描电镜照片,对两相颗粒污泥的形成,菌体分布规律等进行了探讨。     

Protozoan bioassays of soil amended with sewage sludge and heavy metals,using the common soil ciliate Colpoda steinii

The common soil protozoan Colpoda steinii was used to study the toxicity of sulphate solutions of Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn. The growth of C. steinii was reduced by 50% in the presence of 0.10, 0.22, 0.25, and 0.85 mg litre^-1 of Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn, respectively, during 24 h of incubation at 25°C, as calculated from a regression analysis of probit-transformed data. The same growth assay was used to assess the toxicity of soil solution extracted by centrifugation from soil samples of field plots of a grass/clover ley on a sandy loam treated with sewage sludge spiked with additional Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, or Zn at concentrations either equivalent to or twice the limits for heavy metals recommended in recent EC guidelines (Commission of European Communities directive 86/278/EEC). The toxicity of these soil solutions varied with the season of the year. None of the soil solutions extracted in winter (February 1991) inhibited the growth of C. steinii. In summer (July 1991), the growth was reduced in solutions extracted from plots that were amended with sludge plus additional Zn or Ni at twice the maxima recommended by the EC. The changes in toxicity to C. steinii of the soil solutions between February and July were positively correlated with increases in heavy metal concentrations of Zn and Ni between winter and summer. These preliminary results suggest that regular protozoan bioassays may be used to monitor the biological availability of heavy metals in soils, especially when combined with other microbial assays and with chemical analyses of soil solutions.     

The effects of nitrogen sludge load and DO on high concentration nitrous nitrifying system

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nitrogen sludge load and dissolved oxygen(DO) on nitrite nitrification system. The following conclusions have been drawn based on the experimental data and analysis results: 1) The ammonium degradation rate and the nitrous accumulation rate of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system decline with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is less than two days, the ammonium degradation rate rapidly declines to 25%~29% with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is beyond two days, the ammonium rate of the system slowly falls to 50%~60% with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 2.5 days or 3 days, the declined trend of the system nitrous accumulation rate is not obvious with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 5 days, the decrease of nitrous accumulation rate is caused by the adaptation of sludge. So the NH+4-N sludge load of high concentration nitrous accumulation system should not be too high; 2)With the increase of DO, the ammonium degradation of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system is gradually increased. When the DO is less than 0.7 mg/L, it is not conductive to the ammonium degradation. When the DO is higher than 2 mg/L, the oxide of NH+4-N is changed into the increased of NO3-N and the nitrous accumulation rate declined. If the concentration of DO is controlled within 0.7to 1.3 mg/L, the high concentration nitrous nitrifying system can have a good NH+4-N degradation rate and nitrous accumulation rate.     

造纸污泥与脲醛、酚醛胶粘剂之间的热反应

利用热重-差示扫描热量法联用测得造纸污泥分别与脲醛树脂胶粘剂(UF)和酚醛树脂胶粘剂(PF)两种胶合材料在加热过程中的热反应特征。通过分析可得出,造纸污泥在加热过程中没有明显吸、放热现象,表现出良好的耐热性。在加热过程中UF有明显的吸、放热现象,而与UF混合物则没有明显的热反应特征。造纸污泥与PF混合物在加热过程中有吸、放热反应,较之UF混合物热反应特征更明显。     

易腐有机废物与剩余污泥混和厌氧消化处理

以高TS(固体含量)易腐有机废物与剩余污泥为原料,研究了二者混合后的厌氧消化规律。固体含量分别为20%、30%、35%和40%,添加污泥为有机质的厌氧消化提供了足够的微生物量。试验结果表明,在TS为20%、30%温度35℃和TS为35%温度55℃时均未出现酸抑制现象。各组试验在pH值下降到3.8后仍可以回升至中性。在pH值下降过程中,消化液相VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)浓度低、波动较小,在pH值上升过程中VFA浓度迅速增大,中温消化时VFA增加幅度大于高温消化。当TS增加到40%时出现了严重酸化,pH值维持在较低水平。消化液相CODCr经过短时间的上升后浓度较高,在10000.0～20000.0mg·L-1之间。中温消化H2S浓度显著高于高温消化,最大浓度为500mL·L-1,NH3最大浓度为200mL·L-1。原料中纤维素含量对降解率影响较大,原料纤维素含量较低时降解率很小。     

污泥膨胀的原因及其控制方法

污泥膨胀不仅影响出水水质,增大污泥的处理费用,而且极易引起大量污泥流失,严重时可导致整个处理工艺失败。污泥膨胀分为丝状菌性污泥膨胀和非丝状菌性污泥膨胀,主要影响因素有污水水质、溶解氧、污泥负荷、冲击负荷以及运行方式和处理工艺等。通过临时控制措施、工艺设计控制措施、工艺运行控制措施可有效解决污泥膨胀问题。尽管当前有一些理论解释污泥膨胀问题,如表面积/容积比(A/V)假说,动力学理论,饥饿假说理论、NO假设,但缺乏充分的实验证明模型适用与否。需进一步完善污泥膨胀理论,为控制污泥膨胀提供严谨的理论依据。     

水生植物处理污染水研究现状及应用前景

综述了水生植物处理污水的处理机理和处理效果,介绍了水生植物在污水处理中的应用现状和独特的优点及广阔的应用前景。     

苯酚在干污泥上的吸附性能研究

采取实验方法，以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料制取干污泥作为吸附剂，研究了其在不同温度下对苯酚的吸附行为。结果表明，干污泥对苯酚的吸附在30℃温度下吸附速率最快，吸附过程遵循二级吸附动力学模型，并且Lagergren一级速率方程也可以较好地描述干污泥对苯酚的吸附；25℃时，干污泥对苯酚的吸附行为用Langmuir模型描述时相关性最好，其方程式为G=909．091×0．0031Ce／（1＋0．0031Ce），其最大吸附量为909．091mg·g^-1，k=0．0031。