竹炭对生物油模型组分的吸附特性试验

以竹子为前躯体热解制得竹炭,选取糠醛、乙酸、苯酚、葡萄糖为生物油模型化合物,研究竹炭对生物油模型组成各单组分的静态吸附特性及双、四组分混合下的竞争吸附行为。结果表明：竹炭对不同组分的吸附特性存在较大差异;单组分吸附24h,竹炭对糠醛的吸附量最大,乙酸次之,对葡萄糖的吸附量最小;吸附平衡时,竹炭对苯酚的吸附量将超过乙酸;糠醛-葡萄糖双组分竞争下,竹炭对糠醛显示出强烈的选择性吸附特征;4种组分竞争下,各组分吸附量相对单组分均有所下降,其中乙酸降幅最大,且乙酸等物质在吸附过程中出现浓度突变现象,这可能是因为吸附性能较好的糠醛将已经吸附的乙酸从竹炭上置换下来;在选用的所有试验工况下,竹炭对葡萄糖均表现出低的吸附态势。     

针阔混交林择伐作业后土壤呼吸与土壤温度和湿度的关系

利用LI8100土壤CO2排放通量的全自动测量系统,对择伐后林地10cm处的CO2通量进行了测定,分析了土壤及各分室CO2排放通量与温度和湿度的关系。结果表明:择伐作业后,林地表面CO2通量与土壤温度和湿度有着较好的相关性,土壤温度和湿度共同解释了林地表面CO2通量季节变化的68.10%~98.9%;枯枝落叶层CO2通量与土壤温度和湿度的相关性较差,土壤温度和湿度共同解释了枯枝落叶层CO2通量的12.60%~89.80%,难以确切说明枯枝落叶层CO2通量与土壤温度和湿度的相应关系;根系CO2通量与土壤温度和湿度的相关性较好,土壤温度和湿度共同解释了根系CO2通量的55.80%~96.70%;矿质土壤CO2通量与土壤温度和湿度的相关性较高,土壤温度和湿度共同解释了矿质土壤CO通量的40.30%~99.50%。     

传统杂交方法在龙岩甘薯系列品种选育中的应用

充分利用保存的甘薯种质资源,根据育种目标注重亲本组合的选配,在传统杂交育种中,采用一代甘薯以薯块产量异常突出者选留,二代开始强调品系比较,高世代高指标结合定留,综合性状好者才推荐参加区试的育种方法和思路,“九五”至今选育出了一批产量高、品质优、抗性好的龙岩甘薯系列新品种。     

家蚕混精杂交的实验生物学研究

利用染色体替换法研制出具有标志基因、又可在子代明确区分的二种精子活力相同的材料——临皓普、临皓素.以这两个材料进行二雄交一雌的混精杂交试验,研究不同交配时间、交配次序对受精选择性的影响.结果,第一雄蛾交配25或30分钟的子代中,素蚕和普斑蚕开差很大,交配50或60分钟,两种类型比例接近,x~2检验理论值与实际值相符.交配次序中,属后交雄蛾的类型略多,交配时间和次序的不同,对选择受精的影响较大,本文对上述问题进行了讨论.     

检查法林分生长预测及择伐模拟研究

检查法是一种适合于异龄林经营的集约作业方法，由于目前试验时间还较短（第１择伐周期１９８７－１９９２年），需要对其长期经营效果作出预测。文中提出了一种修正参数预测模型（ＭＰＰＭ）和线性规划方法相结合对于林分进行生长预测和择伐模拟研究的方法。拟合林分直径分布采用了形状灵活的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布形式，使得这种方法很适合于异龄林分（反Ｊ形直径分布）的生长预测（当然也适于同龄林），特别是当径阶株数出现突然变化     

杨树微纤丝角的变异及其与木材性质的相关关系

微纤丝角为细胞次生壁S2层微纤丝排列方向与细胞主轴所形成的夹角,与木材的物理性质、力学性质和化学性质都有着直接的关系。应用x射线衍射法测定了7个杨树无性系(14株样木)胸径处各年轮的微纤丝角,并对应分析和测定了各年轮的木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量。研究结果表明,杨树微纤丝角在年轮间存在显著差异,其径向变异规律为从髓心向外以微纤丝角逐渐降低,年轮间的平均微纤丝角在7.8旱?8褐洌荒静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾吭谀曷旨湟泊嬖谙灾钜臁O喙胤治霰砻鳎⑾怂拷怯肽静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾看嬖谙灾母合喙毓叵??0.01),相关系数分别为-0.450、-0.586、-0.516和-0.660。回归分析结果表明,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角与所测定的木材性质的关系,相关系数均在-0.45以上(n=125)。本文的研究结果认为,在今后针对杨树材性改良的育种计划中,微纤丝角是一个重要的选育和改良指标。图3表3参34。     

Exploring the limitations of pathophysiological indicators used for targeted selective treatment in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus

Identifying which sheep to treat as part of a Targeted Selective Treatment approach to gastro-intestinal nematode control relies entirely on the efficacy of the indicators. Indicators such as FAMACHA© (anaemia), DISCO (diarrhea) and reductions in weight gains were designed specifically to reflect those sheep experiencing symptomatic consequences of infection. Using the gastro-intestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus as a model species, this study explored the utility and sensitivity of these indicators under controlled experimental conditions on 63 adult sheep. The potential effect of sheep with different H. contortus resistance phenotypes on indicator efficacy was compared in three different phenotypes, i.e. high (Blackbelly females), medium (Blackbelly rams) and low resistance (Romane rams). The potential effect of the H. contortus isolate on indicator efficacy was also explored by using four different isolates, with varying anthelmintic resistance capacities, to infect the sheep. We limited the study to the first month of infection to evaluate the interest of these indicators as an early predictive means for controlling infection. The pathophysiological indicators FAMACHA© and DISCO do not reflect infection intensity based on Faecal Egg Counts, nor do reductions in weight gains. FAMACHA© was however a good indicator of anaemia with strong correlations to haematocrit. There was little agreement among the three indicators to identify the same animals in need of treatment and even combining them did not increase their predictive value of infection intensity or relative host damage from infection. The indicator sensitivity was influenced by the H. contortus isolate and sheep resistance phenotype in which they were tested. One isolate was poorly infective but induced high levels of anaemia (FAMACHA©) and diarrhea (DISCO) compared to the three others. The FAMACHA© and DISCO had higher values in the sheep group with a medium resistance phenotype (Blackbelly rams) indicating higher levels of damage compared to the high and low resistance phenotypes. We conclude that there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to the use of indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment and the indicators should be calibrated to farm-specific conditions to increase their efficacy.     

Survival of Atlantic salmon captured in and released from a commercial trap-net: Potential for selective harvesting of stocked salmon

The major wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea began to recover in the late 1990s. This recovery has been partly due to strict regulations in the Gulf of Bothnia that effectively prevent salmon fisheries during the peak migration. About half of the migrating salmon, however, are reared fish that could be harvested. We simulated a limited trap-net fishery that selectively harvested reared salmon and released wild fish, and studied the survival and migration of the released salmon. We tagged and released 1970 salmon caught in the trap-nets along the coast in 2001 and 2002. The mean maximum capture and release induced mortality of salmon was 11%, ranging between 4% and 21% in different release groups by year, sea age and number of releases. The cumulative mortality for the total salmon population on their spawning migration in the Gulf of Bothnia was below 5%, and it would not increase considerably after the first capture and release events, provided fishing effort is not excessive and fish are handled properly. Survival of trap-net captured and released Baltic salmon appears high and their migration behavior is not altered due to this handling. Several preconditions, however, should be considered before selective fishing is introduced in the Gulf of Bothnia salmon fishery.     

松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR－10A型高速混合机制备松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS－ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明：随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20％的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0．128 J／mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0．312 J／mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4．8465 MPa,弯曲强度为8．2152 MPa,冲击强度为1．2574 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0．312 J／mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。     

白茄子新品种"白茄3号"的选育及其应用研究

[目的]选育高产、稳产、优质白茄子新品种。[方法]以E06为母本、E98为父本配制成一代杂种,命名为白茄3号。并进行组合力测定试验、品比试验、安徽省区试试验和生产性试验示范,并对其特征特性进行了描述。[结果]组合力测定和品比试验结果表明,白茄3号的平均产量比对照分别增加了14.35%和15.90%;区试试验结果表明,2009～1010年白茄3号平均产量比对照分别增加了15.70%和19.30%。[结论]白茄3号果肉细嫩、极早熟、抗逆性较好。适期播种,培育壮苗,合理密植,及时进行肥水管理和病虫害防治,才能夺取高产。