适宜桑枝屑栽培的黑木耳优良菌株筛选试验

为筛选适宜湖州地区利用桑枝屑栽培的黑木耳品种,本文通过对6个黑木耳菌株在PDA培养基的菌丝生长情况、桑枝培养基上的菌丝生长情况及子实体产量3个方面进行了比较试验,结果显示,在PDA培养基上,黑木耳916、神农7号菌丝粗壮有力,菌丝生长快;在桑枝屑培养基中,黑木耳916菌丝生长最快,神农7号次之;在子实体产量上,黑木耳9...     

Decontamination of synthetic solutions containing heavy metals using chemically modified sawdusts bearing polyacrylic acid chains

New materials containing carboxylate groups have been synthesized by grafting polyacrylic acid onto sawdust. These new adsorbents were subjected to continuous extraction of different metal ions using packed columns to determine their maximum binding capacities. They exhibit binding capacities 15–40 times higher than unmodified sawdusts for removal of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ chosen as representative heavy metal ions. Cation desorption and adsorbent regeneration could be effected by elution with a diluted HCl solution; water as an eluent has no effect on metal desorption.     

猴头菌木屑代料各成分含量与产量,生产周期的回归关系及最佳配比研究

本文应用混料回归设计方法,建立了木屑代料栽培猴头菌产量(干重生物学效率)和生产周期(d)与代料中木屑、麦麸、蔗糖及石膏实际含量(％)的回归方程,并绘制出蔗糖含量为0、1％、2％、3％、石膏含量为0、1％的不同组合情况下产量和生产周期随木屑及麦麸含量变化的回归曲线。实际与预测结果表明,木屑代料中木屑和麦麸较适合的配比范围为木屑77％～89％、麦麸11％～23％。以木屑83％、麦麸17％或木屑83％、麦麸16％、蔗糖(最好用淀粉或葡萄糖代替)1％为最合理配方。常规使用的木屑78％、麦麸20％、蔗糖1％及石膏1％的配方较合理。     

Biodegradation of nonlignocellulosic substances II: physical and chemical properties of sawdust before and after use as artificial soil

The physical properties of sawdust including porosity, water retention, and water drainage were analyzed to prove its suitability for use as an artificial soil in the automatic decomposer-extinguisher (GADE) machine. The physical and chemical properties of residual sawdust from the GADE machine were also analyzed, the mechanical abrasion of sawdust in the GADE machine was tested, and the morphology of this residue was observed through a scanning electron microscope to investigate changes of these properties in the medium of decomposing garbage. Sawdust, which showed a lower specific gravity and larger porosity than soil, is considered capable of supplying air to bacteria. It was found that sawdust became worn from the operation of the machine. The spaces of residual sawdust were still observed, but water drainage decreased. The portion of hollocellulose in residual sawdust decreased, although the extractives in it increased. Results indicated that the capacity of sawdust to function as an artificial soil in the GADE machine was decreased owing not only to the destruction of sawdust grain but also to the adherence of products from decomposition, such that sawdust needed to be replaced every few months.Part of this report was presented at the 43rd annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Morioka, April 1993     

菌渣发酵床对雏鸡生产性能的影响

以金针菇菌渣为原料,分析了菌渣的碳氮比、木质素、持水力等发酵指标,并用菌渣与锯末、稻壳等垫料原料制作发酵床饲养蛋雏鸡,研究菌渣发酵床对雏鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明：25%菌渣＋25%锯末＋50%稻壳发酵床垫料表面、垫料深10 cm、垫料深20 cm处的发酵温度都高于50%锯末＋50%稻壳发酵床。这两种发酵床对雏鸡生产性能的影响无显著差异,且菌渣能够降低发酵床垫料成本,从而可以部分代替锯末用于发酵床。     

用贯叶金丝桃余渣种平菇的研究

要提取金丝桃素后的贯叶金丝桃余渣作培养基适合于种平菇，在有的方面比用棉籽壳及锯木屑木屑分别栽培的平菇品质更好，是一种新的，较好的培养基原料。     

Promoting microbial immobilization of soil nitrogen during restoration of abandoned agricultural fields by organic additions

Application of organic materials to soils to enhance N immobilization into microbial biomass, thereby reducing inorganic N concentrations, was studied as a management option to accelerate the reestablishment of the native vegetation on abandoned arable fields on sandy soils the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Sucrose and sawdust were used at three different topographic sites over 4 years. N availability and extractable inorganic N concentrations were significantly reduced in all sites. Soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N increased significantly following C additions, but the microbial C to microbial N ratio remained unaffected. It is concluded that the combined application of the rapidly utilized C source (sucrose) promoted N immobilization, whereas the addition of the slowly utilized C source (sawdust) maintained the elevated microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in the field.     

玉米秸秆木屑混合生料地栽香菇技术研究

[目的]为玉米秸秆与木屑组成的混合生料地栽香菇提供依据。[方法]用玉米秸秆粉代替部分木屑(40%)的混合生料和木屑生料地栽香菇,计算香菇产量、生物学转化率、投入产出比。[结果]混合生料的香菇菌丝生长速度快,菌丝长满培养料时间、转色时间、始菇期均比木屑生料提前。生料栽培污染率均比熟料栽培高,且混合生料的比木屑生料的高。混合生料的香菇出菇数量较多,菇体较小,木屑生料的出菇数量相对较少,菇体较大。混合生料香菇的产量和生物学转化率低于木屑生料,投入产出比高于木屑生料,达1∶4.2。[结论]玉米秸秆与木屑组成的混合生料地栽香菇具有原料丰富,生产工艺简单,操作方便,生产成本低等优点。     

巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响

研究了巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响,结果表明:在巨尾桉木屑栽培基质中,与对照菌株‘漳耳43-28’相比,新菌株43012和杂10菌丝长势好,污染率低,产量高,营养品质好,可以在福建等地推广示范。     

木屑生物质炭对水中阿特拉津、多菌灵和啶虫脒复合农药的吸附性能研究

选取木屑为原材料,在500、700℃下制备生物质炭(标记为MX500和MX700),试验考察了溶液初始pH和生物质炭投加量对其吸附性能的影响,并利用吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等手段,研究了木屑生物质炭对水溶液中3种不同类型的典型常用农药阿特拉津(ATR)、多菌灵(CAR)和啶虫脒(ACE)的吸附特性及吸附机理。结果表明：热解温度700℃,pH 3.0,生物质炭投加量为2.0 g/L时,木屑生物质炭对3种农药的联合吸附效果最好。MX700对ATR、CAR和ACE的最大吸附量分别为40.2、50.4和44.9μg/g,约为MX500的1.4倍～2.2倍。吸附动力学和吸附等温线结果显示,准二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散方程和Langmuir方程能较好地拟合吸附过程。FTIR结果显示,木屑生物质炭主要通过酚羟基和羧基等含氧官能团以及芳香环结构去除水中ATR、CAR和ACE。木屑生物质炭对农药的吸附机理包括静电作用力、氢键作用力及π–π键相互作用力。在100μg/L浓度下,木屑生物质炭对ATR、CAR和ACE复合农药的吸附效果和机理与农药单体类似。综上,木屑生物质炭作为...