转基因抗虫棉Bt毒蛋白含量时空变化及土壤降解研究(英文)

[目的]研究转基因抗虫棉Bt毒蛋白含量的时空变化及其土壤降解。[方法]采用ELISA法(酶链免疫法)研究和分析了转Btcry1Ac基因抗虫棉的根、茎和叶片组织在不同发育时期毒蛋白的含量变化及转Bt基因抗虫棉(GK45)和非转基因棉花(新陆早36号)在根际土壤、表层土壤和后茬种植区土壤中Btcry1Ac毒蛋白的年平均含量变化。[结果]BtCry1Ac毒蛋白含量在抗虫棉生长过程中均呈动态下降趋势,而根中下降的速率最快,茎和叶片次之;棉花种植区土壤表层中均检测到Btcry1Ac毒蛋白,且后茬种植区中表层毒蛋白的含量增加,而根际土中含量极低。[结论]Btcry1Ac毒蛋白的含量检测为种植转基因作物的风险评价及转基因作物的土壤生态系统安全性评价提供了科学依据。     

A Controlled Safety Study of Elevated Dosages of Trimethoprim Plus Sulfadiazine in Mature Horses

A novel, proprietary, oral suspension of trimethoprim plus sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) had no serious adverse effects on clinical, laboratory, or pathologic parameters of mature horses when administered at up to five times the intended combined dosage of 24 mg/kg twice daily for 30 consecutive days. Loose feces was the most common observation that was likely related to TMP/SDZ treatment, and the incidence of loose feces was greater in groups treated with higher dosages of TMP/SDZ. However, all episodes were self-limiting, and no horses were treated for loose feces.     

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.     

草本植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性影响研究

为研究草本植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性的影响,在假设滑坡体为长方体的条件下,通过对植物根系加固边坡的力学原理进行分析,推导了植物根系对边坡浅层稳定性的安全系数公式,并计算分析了坡度、滑坡体尺寸以及根土面积比对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着边坡坡度及滑坡体尺寸的增加,边坡的稳定系数将减小。并且,植物护坡的坡体安全系数要大于无防护坡体的安全系数。随着根-土面积比的增大,坡体的稳定系数逐渐增加,说明植物根系能增加边坡的稳定性。     

大王椰安全管理探讨

棕榈科植物大王椰Roystonea regia,因其较高观赏价值和优秀抗台风能力,在我国热带、亚热带地区被广泛用作园林绿化树种。但由于其叶片掉落而伤人损物的事件频发,大王椰的安全问题引起多方关注并积极寻求解决之道。分别从大王椰自身的不安全因素角度和潜在的人员财产危害角度,将安全隐患进行梳理和分类。针对最普遍和潜在危险最大的现存成年大王椰树叶掉落风险,提出3种应对措施——隔离、修剪和捆绑叶鞘。通过比较各措施的应用场景和特点,提出因地制宜选择相应措施,推荐使用棕绳绑扎叶鞘方式的建议。此外,进行了将安全清除的枯死大王椰树干应用到园林花境的尝试。     

The Design of Urban Road Manhole Covers Based on the Function of Safety and Identification

This study combed the development process of urban road manhole cover at home and abroad,and pointed out the existing problems in the domestic manhole cover.From the perspective of safety and identification function,it put forward innovative design ideas of urban road manhole covers to improve the safety and identification function of road manhole covers,and enhance the ornamental of manhole covers.     

几种除草剂对春麦田禾本科杂草的防除效果

野燕麦、旱雀麦是青海春麦田主要的禾本科杂草,发生普遍,危害严重.为控制其危害,对目前开发出来的6种防除麦田禾本科杂草的除草剂进行了田间药效试验,结果表明:50g/L炔草酸·唑啉草脂EC 600mL/hm2、150g/L麦极WP 300g/hm、69g/L骠马EW 750mL/hm2对野燕麦的防效分别达到98.80%、9...     

HACCP原理在生鲜牛奶生产中的应用

HACCP是危害分析与关键控制点的英文缩写,该文结合我国大多数中、小奶牛场硬件条件,运用HACCP原理,分析了泌乳牛饲养和生鲜牛奶生产过程中危害产生的原因,制定了简单易行的预防措施,确定了关键控制点,建立了控制制度和验证方案,有效的控制了危害的出现.同时通过实施HACCP计划,使生鲜牛奶的卫生、安全质量达到了发达国家标准.     

铅对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性和组织蓄积性研究

[目的]研究不同浓度Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤的急性毒性。[方法]采用水生动物急性毒性试验方法,研究了不同浓度(3.0~7.0mg/L)Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)的急性毒性,分别对96 h半致死浓度(4.119 mg/L)和安全浓度(0.041 mg/L)下0~120 h各组织中Pb2+的蓄积量进行了测定。[结果]Pb2+对波纹巴非蛤24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为7.187、5.788、4.646和4.119 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.041 mg/L。铅对波纹巴非蛤的毒性级别为高毒级(LC50为1~100 mg/L)。在96 h半致死浓度和安全浓度下,120 h波纹巴非蛤各组织Pb2+的蓄积量从大到小均依次为鳃、内脏、肌肉。[结论]食用波纹巴非蛤有一定的安全风险。     

15%炔草酯WP防除小麦田杂草及安全性研究

[目的]明确15%炔草酯WP对小麦田杂草的防除效果和安全性。[方法]以15%炔草酯WP 180、240、300、450 g/hm2用量喷雾,以6.9%骠耙EW 105 ml/hm2为对照,以清水喷雾为空白对照,药后153、0 d调查杂草数计算防效,并观察药害情况。[结果]15%炔草酯WP对小麦田看麦娘具有很好的防效,对小麦生长发育无明显影响。[结论]15%炔草酯WP是防除小麦田看麦娘杂草的一种无公害农药,可以在生产上推广使用。