温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus meiguiensis)生长与存活的联合效应

采用中心复合设计(CCD)和响应曲面法(RSM),研究了温度(16–35℃)和盐度(5–29)对墨吉明对虾生长与存活的联合效应。结果显示,温度的一次效应和二次效应对墨吉明对虾的特定生长率和存活率具有显著影响(P<0.05);盐度的一次效应对墨吉明对虾的特定生长影响不显著(P>0.05),但对墨吉明对虾存活率的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05);盐度二次效应对特定生长率与存活率具有极显著影响(P<0.01);温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾的生长与存活不存在显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。采用中心复合设计建立了温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾特定生长率和存活率影响的模型方程,该方程的决定系数分别为0.9014、0.9631,校正系数分别为0.8310、0.9367,表明模型具有较好的拟合度,可用于预测墨吉明对虾特定生长率与存活率的变化。通过模型优化和验证实验,得出温度为26.6℃、盐度为15.5时,特定生长率和存活率均达到最大值,分别为1.296%,98.34%,其满意度为0.970。结果显示,墨吉明对虾在工厂化养殖过程中温度为26–27℃、盐度为15–16时,有利于墨吉明对虾的存活与生长。     

肉鸡腹水症发病机理研究:Ⅳ.低温处理对肉鸡心肌肌浆网钙泵活性与Ca~(2+)摄取的影响

采用超速离心法分离提纯右心室肌原纤维和肌浆网 ,测定低温处理早期肉鸡心肌肌浆网钙泵 (Ca2 + ATP酶 )活性和肌浆网Ca2 +离子浓度 ,以揭示低温处理早期肉鸡右心室功能增强和肉鸡肺动脉高压的机制。结果表明 :1) 19、2 7、33和 4 0d低温处理组SRCa2 + ATP酶活性较对照组显著性升高 ,33d时活性达到最高。肺动脉高压组、肺动脉低压组SRCa2 + ATP酶活性较对照组显著性升高 ,其中肺动脉高压组SRCa2 + ATP酶活性是低压组的 3倍 ,且差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 )低温处理组 19和 2 1d心肌肌浆网Ca2 +含量明显升高 ,与对照组相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。33和 4 0d低温处理组肌浆网Ca2 +摄取趋向减少 ,与对照组相比 ,差异不显著。肺动脉高压组与对照组相比 ,肌浆网摄取Ca2 +的浓度显著性升高 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而且肺动脉高压组心肌肌浆网摄取Ca2 +的量显著性高于肺动脉低压组 (P <0 .0 5 )。这提示肉鸡右心室功能增强可能与肌浆网钙泵活性升高和钙离子摄取增加有关     

In vitro metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang–Huang–Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the in vitro metabolism in Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes in the presence of β-NADPH or UDPGA that forsythoside A may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, UGT1A6, UGT1A3, UGT1A1 and UGT1A9; Chlorogenic acid may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, UGT1A6, UGT1A3 and UGT1A1; Baicalin may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, UGT1A9, UGT1A1 and UGT1A3; Baicalein may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and UGT1A6. It was also found that the residue of forsythoside A in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR was greatly increased compared with that in FF in Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes in the presence of β-NADPH or UDPGA, which indicated that the metabolism of forsythoside A in SHL may be influenced by chlorogenic acid in LJF acting on the CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, UGT1A6, UGT1A3 and UGT1A1; baicalin in SR acting on the CYP3A4, CYP1A2, UGT1A9, UGT1A1 and UGT1A3; baicalein acting on the CYP3A4 and UGT1A6 respectively.     

Effect of silicon on antioxidant and stomatal response of two grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstocks grown in boron toxic,saline and boron toxic-saline soil

We investigated individual and combined effects of B toxicity and salinity in the presence or absence of silicon on the shoot growth, concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B) and silicon (Si), and stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), proline accumulation, H₂O₂ accumulation and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity grapevine rootstocks of 41B (V. Vinifera × V. Berlandieri) and 1103P (V. Berlandieri × V. Rupestris). Applied Si counteracted the deleterious effects of salinity and boron toxicity on shoot growth by lowering the accumulation of Na in 1103P, and B and Cl in the both rootstocks. Stomatal resistance, MDA, and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and proline were higher in the plants grown in conditions of B toxicity, salinity and their combination while applied Si lowered these parameters. Lowering SOD and CAT but increasing APX, Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities of both rootstocks. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates the adverse effects of salinity, B toxicity and combined salinity-B toxicity on grapevine rootstocks by preventing both oxidative membrane damage and translocation of Na and B from root to shoots and/or soil to plant, and also lowering the phytotoxic effects of Na and B within plant tissues. When considering the antioxidative response and membrane systems, it was concluded that the rootstock 1103P was responsive to Si under stress conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that Si improves the combined salt and B tolerance of grapevine grown under saline, B toxic, and B toxic and saline conditions which describes membrane related parameters and antioxidant responses.     

燃烧室偏心位置对缸内流场的影响

对经过直喷化改装后的1105柴油机进行了缸内流场数值仿真计算,对不偏心与偏移量不同的偏心ω形燃烧室在不喷油情况下进行了缸内过程数值仿真计算。结果表明,燃烧室偏心虽然能使缸内气体湍流动能(TKE)和缸内平均湍流强度增大,但却使缸内总动能减小,也使缸内总动量减小得更快。     

木薯SR45亚家族基因鉴定及表达

目的 精氨酸和丝氨酸富集蛋白(Arginine/serine-rich proteins,SR)为剪接复合体的主要成员,不仅参与植物前体mRNA可变剪接过程,在植物非生物胁迫中也具有相当重要的作用。SR45基因为SR基因亚家族成员之一。本研究旨在分析木薯SR45亚家族成员蛋白结构特征与表达模式,为进一步了解该亚家族基因在木薯中的功能提供理论支持。方法 利用生物信息学技术重新构建木薯SR基因家族进化树,对木薯SR45亚家族蛋白理化性质、基因结构、保守结构域进行分析,同时利用转录组数据分析低温与干旱胁迫下SR基因表达变化,运用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)研究各基因成员在不同组织中的特异性表达以及对低温胁迫的响应。结果 木薯SR基因家族共7个大类26个成员,SR45亚家族共有5个成员;SR45亚家族基因编码蛋白长度为135~423 aa,相对分子质量为14970~47210,等电点为5.19~12.34;预测其主要定位于细胞核和叶绿体;SR45编码RS结构域和RRM结构域,具有Motif 3、Motif 6、Motif 2和Motif 1保守基序。转录组数据和RT-qPCR分析表明,SR45基因均响应木薯低温胁迫,且MeSR45-2显著上调表达,MeSR45-4、MeSR45-5在木薯根和叶中有较高表达量。结论 木薯SR45亚家族基因显著响应低温胁迫;将MeSR45-2基因列为调控低温逆境变化的候选基因,将根和叶列为研究SR45基因亚类成员的主要组织。本研究为探索木薯SR45基因奠定了理论基础,并为进一步研究木薯SR45基因逆境胁迫应答过程指明了方向。     

大豆抗病相关基因SR1正反义植物表达载体的构建及遗传转化研究

实验构建了CaMV35S启动子控制下的大豆抗病相关基因SR1的正反义植物双元表达载体pBISR1( )和pBISR1(-).通过根癌农杆菌叶盘转化法,将正义和反义SR1基因导入烟草Ha-vana 425,经卡那霉素筛选,获得了抗性植株.经PCR和PCR-Southern印迹分析,证明抗性植株中整和了SR1基因,RT-PCR分析进一步表明正义和反义基因皆能转录为完整的mRNA,经疫霉根腐接种及抗病性鉴定表明,转反义基因株系和未转基因株系均轻微感病,而转正义基因株系始终没有出现感病症状.     

Ultra low-level airborne (ULLA) sensing of crop canopy reflectance: A case study using a CropCircle™ sensor

Operational airborne and satellite remote sensing in agriculture remains constrained by matching platform availability to suitable daytime weather and illumination conditions, crop development, and availability of ground staff. An ultra low-level aircraft carrying an active NIR/Red CropCircle™ sensor was successfully deployed to record and subsequently map crop vigour via the simple ratio (SR) index over a field of sorghum. Given the logging frequency of ≈20 Hz and the presence of alternate rows of bare soil, the Moiré effect reduced the contrast between crop and bare soil skip-rows. Such effects would not be expected to occur in non-skip-row crops. The ultra low-level airborne (ULLA)-SR map derived from the 20 m transect records compared favorably with the SR map derived from a meter-resolution airborne digital multispectral image that was re-sampled to a similar spatial resolution. This case study, involving a CropCircle™ sensor mounted in a low-level aircraft demonstrates another deployment option for users of this class of sensor. Moreover, an ULLA configuration offers the potential for greater flexibility in scheduling compared to airborne imaging, given it can be flown at any sun-angle, under cloud, at night, and may easily be incorporated into aircraft already conducting low-level operations, for example crop dusting and reconnaissance, over agricultural fields.     

Changes in dietary fibre, polygalacturonase, cellulase of navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ‘Cara Cara’) fruits under different storage conditions

The consumption of dietary fibre plays an important role in the prevention of diseases, such as constipation, haemorrhoids. Recently, chemical and physical properties of citrus fibres have been widely studied. In this paper, the polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase (Cx) gene expression of Cara Cara (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) navel orange fruit stored on tree (ST) was compared with fruit stored in room (SR). The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of PG increased significantly in the fruits of ST, in contrast, the expression levels of Cx increased slightly only in peel of ST. Total pectin (TP) and protopectin of ST fruits pulp were higher than those of SR at every time point. The contents of insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), hemicellulose (HC), cellulose (CEL) and lignin of ST fruits were less than that in SR. However, in fruits from ST, a significant increase of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) and water soluble pectin (WSP) occurred, compared with fruits of SR. Our studies indicated that fruit stored on tree is quite useful for regulating the gene expression and controlling contents of dietary fibre on Cara Cara navel orange.     

车用SR电机的研发现状

概述了开关磁阻(SR)电机的基本原理和主要特点,分析了车用SR电机的研究现状,特点和关键技术,展望了车用SR电机的生产趋势和应用前景。