Combination of resistance tests and molecular tests to postulate the yellow rust resistance gene Yr17 in bread wheat lines

Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis is a wheat disease of worldwide importance. The Yr17 resistance gene introgressed from Aegilops ventricosa was effective, in France, against all yellow rust isolates until 1998. The SC‐Y15 marker is one of three molecular markers closely linked to Yr17. In this paper, results obtained are compared with the molecular marker SC‐Y15 and with resistance tests performed at the seedling and adult plant stages on 31 lines from five populations derived from recurrent selection programmes. The resistance tests showed that Yr17 controlled the resistance in seven lines, but that others had additional resistance at the adult stage (18 lines). The molecular test corresponded well with the resistance test in most lines (98% of 156 plants tested), including individual plants that were resistant or susceptible in heterogeneous lines. It also indicated the presence of Yr17 in lines in which it could not be identified by the resistance test because of the presence of other genes. Three of the 156 plants tested appeared to have the gene Yr17 according to the resistance tests, but lacked the molecular marker. These could have resulted from breakage of the linkage, the number being consistent with the estimate of linkage already published. This indicated the need for a resistance test, at least in later stages of breeding programmes, if it is considered essential to have the Yr17 gene present. The use of the selected lines in breeding programmes is also discussed.     

一个与稻瘟病菌无毒基因AVR-Pik~m连锁的SCAR标记的分离

 本研究将以前在稻瘟病菌菌株S1522获得的与决定对水稻品种梅雨明无毒性的基因(AVR-Pik^m)相连锁的1个RAPD标记OPO12₁₀₀₀进行了克隆和鉴定。核苷酸序列测定与分析结果表明:OPO12₁₀₀₀的大小为946个碱基,不含有与已报道的稻瘟病菌Mg-SINE、Fosburry、Magyy、Grasshopper、Pot2以及Pot3等同源的重复序列。根据OPO12₁₀₀₀的核苷酸序列,设计了1对24个核苷酸的特异引物,对无毒表型亲本S1522和毒性表型亲本S159、无毒表型群体基因池、毒性表型基因池以及有性杂交后代108个菌株进行了PCR扩增,所有无毒表型的菌株均能特异性地扩增出1条与OPO12₁₀₀₀大小相同的DNA条带,而毒性表型的菌株除5个重组个体外,均不能扩增出这条特异带。此结果表明,与稻瘟病菌无毒基因AVR-Pik^m连锁的RAPD标记OPO12₁₀₀₀被成功地转化为SCAR标记,为进一步通过染色体步移克隆该无毒基因奠定了基础。     

核桃早实性相关的SCAR标记在母本和F_1代上的分析

本文研究目的是对与新疆核桃早实性相关的SCAR标记在母本和F1代上进行分析。通过对与核桃早实性相关的SCAR标记片段的扩增并测序,获得与早实性相关的SCAR标记片段,大小为762bp。用该特异性引物对新疆五个核桃实生品种母本和F1代进行扩增,在母本和F1代上得到了以下的结果:四个母本材料出现了该标记片段,各品种实生F1代单株出现该标记的比率分别为92.68%,97.92%,96.43%,93.10%和97.73%,分析表明核桃早实性是遗传力较高的性状。本研究可为进一步研究新疆核桃早实性相关基因的克隆及功能提供一定的研究基础。     

Rapid-cycle PCR detection of Pyrenophora graminea from barley seed

Sixty RAPD primers were used to screen for a diagnostic marker that could be used to identify Pyrenophora graminea , a fungal seedborne pathogen that causes leaf stripe on barley. Primer pairs were designed to differentiate P. graminea from other Pyrenophora spp. using a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) approach. A pair of P. graminea -specific primers (PG2 F/R) was obtained that amplified a single fragment from 37 isolates of P. graminea tested, but not from 29 isolates of other Pyrenophora spp. or 12 saprophytes isolated from barley seed. Rapid PCR detection was achieved using a LightCycler, in which the emission of fluorescence from the binding of SYBR Green I dye to the PCR products is measured. The P. graminea -specific product resulting from amplification with PG2 F/R can be distinguished from any nonspecific products by post-PCR melting point analysis. The PCR assay involves 40 amplification cycles of PCR, and the total PCR test including melting point analysis takes 25 min to complete. The rapidity of this test, combined with the closed 'in-tube' detection of PCR products, which reduces the potential for contamination, offers significant advantages compared with conventional laboratory and PCR analyses.     

西瓜品种和育种材料的DNA指纹分析

利用RAPD技术对国内外26份西瓜材料进行遗传亲缘关系研究、构建每份材料的特异指纹。在720个RAPD随机引物中筛选出15个引物用于聚类分析,将供试26份材料分为6个类群1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群、1个东亚生态型类群、2个野生类群。将京欣一号杂种纯度鉴定的RAPD特异标记K14-1500和N04-600成功转化为SCAR标记,并应用于京欣一号纯度鉴定实践。     

香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定及其SCAR标记

 通过室内人工接种蕉类鉴别寄主,对采集于广东蕉区的18个蕉类枯萎病菌菌株进行鉴定,KP021、KP022、GZ981和JL021 4个菌株属Racel,其余14个菌株属Race4,说明广东蕉区同时存在尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Race1和Race4。用RAPD技术对上述18个菌株进行分析,从200条随机引物中筛选出8条引物可产生生理小种RAPD标记12个,其中标记Racel的8个,标记Race4的4个。对这些RAPD标记带分别进行回收、克隆、测序,根据这些特异片段序列分别设计相应的SCAR引物,通过对18个菌株的PCR扩增检验,有4个RAPD标记成功地转化为SCAR标记,其中Race1-SCAR标记1个、Race4-SCAR标记2个、同时能鉴定出2个小种的SCAR标记1个。应用这4个SCAR标记同时对采自田间的9个病菌分离物进行检测,能够准确地鉴定出广东蕉区的尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Racel和Race4,这为下一步开展香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种的分子鉴定及各生理小种田间流行动态监测奠定了基础。     

黄瓜抗白粉病基因AFLP标记的SCAR转换

 将黄瓜抗白粉病相关基因的1个共显性AFLP标记转换为简单实用的SCAR 标记。应用该SCAR标记对36个已知田间白粉病抗性的黄瓜材料进行了盲测, 测定结果与其田间抗病性吻合率高达94.5% , 表明该标记可以用于黄瓜白粉病的分子鉴定。     

桃果实白肉/黄肉性状的RAPD标记向SCAR标记的转化研究

以桃品种京玉和美味的正反交69株F1群体为试材,利用RAPD技术扩增出了与桃果实白肉/黄肉性状连锁的899bp的多态性片段,经克隆、测序后,根据获得的序列重新设计了一对引物进行SCAR转化。利用引物对BFP15/60成功将RAPD标记转化成了SCAR标记,并命名为SCU03-900。该标记仅在果肉为白肉的个体和重组型个体中出现,与白肉/黄肉性状的连锁距离为21cM,且扩增稳定,为桃果实白肉/黄肉性状育种的分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

中国野生葡萄果实抗白腐病基因的分子标记

 以感病×抗病的葡萄种间杂交组合白玉霓×塘尾的F₁ 代17 个单株及塘尾自交一代16 个单株为试材, 采用BSA 法和RAPD 技术, 通过对155 个随机引物的筛选, 获得了一个与中国野生葡萄抗白腐病基因连锁的RAPD 标记OPP09-760 , 并在中国野生葡萄8 个种的32 个株系及欧洲葡萄16 个品种中得到验证。进一步将该DNA 片段克隆并测序, 根据两端序列, 设计了一对长26 bp 的特异引物分别扩增供试材料, 获得了与该RAPD 标记相同大小的DNA 片段, 成功地将RAPD 标记转化为SCAR 标记, 可以用作抗白腐病基因的分子辅助选择的依据。